【三】kubernetes kuboard部署分布式系统

#服务器 #部署 #云原生 #k8s

本系列文章：

一、ubuntu20.04上搭建containerd版（ 1.2.4 以上）k8s及kuboard V3

二、kubernetes master单节点拓展为集群

一、前言

接上文，我们已经部署了k8s集群，本文将讲解如何利用kuboard部署完整的微服务系统。具体包括docker私有仓库的搭建、工作负载的创建、配置中心、存储挂载、负载均衡等内容。

二、搭建docker私有仓库

1. 选取任意有docker的主机搭建私有仓库 例如我选取200作为私仓

#拉取私有仓库的镜像
docker pull registry
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2. 为docker registry增加用户密码

安装Apache的htpasswd工具。使用htpasswd生成密钥：

sudo apt-get install apache2-utils
mkdir auth
#"username"和"password"分别是你要设置的用户名和密码
htpasswd -Bc ./auth/htpasswd username
#输入密码
password
#再次确认密码
password
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3. 保存为启动脚本，并执行

vim docker-registry-init.sh
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docker run -d \
-p 5000:5000 \
-v ./data:/var/lib/registry \
-v ./auth:/auth \
-e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" \
-e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm" \
-e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd" \
--restart=always \
registry
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chmod 777 docker-registry-init.sh
./docker-registry-init.sh
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4. 允许不安全访问

先使用docker login 登录

docker login 192.168.16.200:5000
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docker login 之后，会在 /root/.docker/config.json 中保存base64编码后的用户名和密码信息。

执行 sudo cat /root/.docker/config.json 打印文件内容，如下：

{
        "auths": {
                "192.168.16.200:5000": {
                        "auth": "Y2p4OnJvb3Q="
                }
        }

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允许不安全访问

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://your.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"insecure-registries":["http://192.168.16.200:5000"]#允许不安全访问
}

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5. 重启docker服务

systemctl restart docker
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5.拉取测试用例用到的镜像，并上传到私库

docker pull swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-cloud-eureka:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker pull swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-db-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker pull swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker pull swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-svc-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker pull swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-web-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1

docker tag swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-cloud-eureka:v1.0.0-alpha.1 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-cloud-eureka:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker tag swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-db-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-db-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker tag swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker tag swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-svc-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-svc-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker tag swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard-dependency/example-web-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-web-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1

docker push 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-cloud-eureka:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker push 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-db-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker push 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker push 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-svc-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
docker push 192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-web-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1

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6.查看是否上传成功

#docker push 192.168.16.200:5000/{hubname}/{docker_name}:{docker_version}

curl -u username:password -XGET http://192.168.16.200:5000/v2/_catalog
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7.containerd中配置允许不安全访问

新版k8s使用containerd去拉取镜像，如果不在containerd中配置registry，k8s会默认使用https拉取镜像，就会出现以下错误：

Failed to pull image "192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1": failed to pull and unpack image "192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1": failed to resolve reference "192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1": failed to do request: Head "https://192.168.16.200:5000/v2/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example/manifests/v1.0.0-alpha.1": http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client
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修改containerd的配置文件（注意！！每个节点上的containerd的配置都要修改）

vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
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    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = ""

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."192.168.16.200:5000".tls]
         insecure_skip_verify = true
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."192.168.16.200:5000"]
          endpoint = ["http://192.168.16.200:5000"]
        
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sudo systemctl restart containerd
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三、系统搭建

本次实战准备了一个最简单的微服务 example 作为例子，该 example 只实现了对一张简单数据库表执行 CRUD 操作的功能，该 example 的部署架构如下图所示，源代码请参考 kuboard-example (opens new window)，也可以直接通过 Kuboard 导入 example 微服务

架构如下：

yaml 下载地址：

https://kuboard.cn/kuboard_example_v3_119.yaml

本文主要的目的是为了让读者能更好地熟悉kuboard中创建工作负载时需要填写的参数与yaml中的参数的映射关系，故不会对容器中所使用到的环境变量、环境变量的值进行详细的讲解。截图中填写的参数值均能从yaml中找到。

1、NFS部署

Kubernetes 对 Pod 进行调度时，以当时集群中各节点的可用资源作为主要依据，自动选择某一个可用的节点，并将 Pod 分配到该节点上。在这种情况下，Pod 中容器数据的持久化如果存储在所在节点的磁盘上，就会产生不可预知的问题，例如，当 Pod 出现故障，Kubernetes 重新调度之后，Pod 所在的新节点上，并不存在上一次 Pod 运行时所在节点上的数据。

为了使 Pod 在任何节点上都能够使用同一份持久化存储数据，我们需要使用网络存储的解决方案为 Pod 提供数据卷。常用的网络存储方案有：NFS/cephfs/glusterfs。

1)部署nfs server （192.168.16.200）

1. 安装nfs服务

#安装nfs服务
sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
#创建共享目录
sudo mkdir -p /nfs-data
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2. 编辑配置文件，添加共享目录

#设置共享目录
sudo vim /etc/exports
#添加以下内容
/nfs-data *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
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3. 重启服务

sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart
sudo service nfs-kernel-server status
#校验配置
showmount -e
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4. 创建测试文件

vim test.txt
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2)部署nfs client （全部节点）

#安装连接客户端
apt install nfs-common -y

#挂载
mkdir /nfs-data
mount 192.168.16.200:/nfs-data /nfs-data

#查看测试文件是否存在
ls /nfs-data
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3)在Kuboard中创建 NFS 存储类

进入集群管理—存储类,创建存储类，将nfs的信息填写到相应参数位置，点击确定。

点击应用

nfs已添加

2、创建命名空间

点击编辑命名空间

点击创建、填写命名空间，比如我这里就起名为example

3、添加docker密文

填写上面registry的账号密码

1. 配置中心—密文—创建Secret
   
   命名为registry-200

4、创建工作负载（workload）

Kubernetes 中，与 Workload 相关的概念非常多，Kuboard 从微服务部署的实际需要出发，按照下图所示的方式理解这些相关概念：

Kuboard 工作负载视图中，关联的 Kubernetes 中如下几个重要的概念：

• Label / Label Selector
• Workload Controller 工作负载控制器（Deployment / StatefulSet / DaemonSet）
• Volume 数据卷
• ImagePullSecrets （Docker 仓库用户名密码，用于访问私有 docker 镜像仓库）
• ServiceAccount
• Container 容器
• Service 访问方式
• Ingress 互联网入口

以上摘自:Kuboard控制台官网

1)部署中间件

1. 基本信息填写
   

2.添加容器信息

添加工作容器

添加服务

添加应用路由

3.应用 并预览yaml
yaml:

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/displayName: 服务注册
    k8s.kuboard.cn/ingress: 'true'
    k8s.kuboard.cn/service: ClusterIP
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: cloud-eureka
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: cloud
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: cloud-eureka
  name: cloud-eureka
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '274940'
spec:
  persistentVolumeClaimRetentionPolicy:
    whenDeleted: Retain
    whenScaled: Retain
  podManagementPolicy: OrderedReady
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: cloud
      k8s.kuboard.cn/name: cloud-eureka
  serviceName: cloud-eureka
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: cloud
        k8s.kuboard.cn/name: cloud-eureka
    spec:
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: CLOUD_EUREKA_DEFAULT_ZONE
              value: 'http://cloud-eureka-0:9200/eureka'
          image: >-
            192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-cloud-eureka:v1.0.0-alpha.1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: cloud-eureka
          resources: {}
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: registry-200
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
  updateStrategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      partition: 0
    type: RollingUpdate
status:
  availableReplicas: 1
  collisionCount: 0
  currentReplicas: 1
  currentRevision: cloud-eureka-66bd975b65
  observedGeneration: 1
  readyReplicas: 1
  replicas: 1
  updateRevision: cloud-eureka-66bd975b65
  updatedReplicas: 1

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations: {}
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: cloud
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: cloud-eureka
  name: cloud-eureka
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '274926'
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.102.213.170
  clusterIPs:
    - 10.102.213.170
  internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
    - name: mtfsyi
      port: 9200
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9200
  selector:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: cloud
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: cloud-eureka
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}


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2）部署API网关

1. 基本信息填写

2. 添加容器信息

添加工作容器

3. 添加服务/应用路由

4. 预览yaml

yaml：

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations: {}
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: gateway
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: gateway-example
  name: gateway-example
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '214775'
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: gateway
      k8s.kuboard.cn/name: gateway-example
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: gateway
        k8s.kuboard.cn/name: gateway-example
    spec:
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: CLOUD_EUREKA_DEFAULT_ZONE
              value: 'http://cloud-eureka:9200/eureka'
            - name: SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE
              value: example
          image: >-
            192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: gateway-example
          resources: {}
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: registry-200
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status:
  conditions:
    - lastTransitionTime: '2023-09-26T03:13:54Z'
      lastUpdateTime: '2023-10-10T13:22:14Z'
      message: ReplicaSet "gateway-example-5bd6ccb5f8" has successfully progressed.
      reason: NewReplicaSetAvailable
      status: 'True'
      type: Progressing
    - lastTransitionTime: '2023-10-10T13:22:43Z'
      lastUpdateTime: '2023-10-10T13:22:43Z'
      message: Deployment does not have minimum availability.
      reason: MinimumReplicasUnavailable
      status: 'False'
      type: Available
  observedGeneration: 14
  replicas: 1
  unavailableReplicas: 1
  updatedReplicas: 1

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations: {}
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: gateway
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: gateway-example
  name: gateway-example
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '163120'
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.105.223.231
  clusterIPs:
    - 10.105.223.231
  internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
    - name: pdmd3y
      port: 9201
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9201
  selector:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: gateway
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: gateway-example
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}


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5. 解决warning
   1)使用configmap给容器挂载ca证书
   参考：Managing Service Accounts | Kubernetes
   

点击编辑-存储挂载-配置字典
数据卷名称填写warning中的名称
configMap为kube-root-ca.crt
其他内容如图下所示：

3) 部署持久层

1. 基本信息填写
   

2. 添加容器信息

添加工作容器

添加存储挂载

添加存储声明

添加存储挂载信息

这里的/var/lib/mysql是容器内的路径。

3. 添加Service
   

4. 应用并预览yaml
   yaml:

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/displayName: db-example
    k8s.kuboard.cn/ingress: 'false'
    k8s.kuboard.cn/service: ClusterIP
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: db-example
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: db
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: db-example
  name: db-example
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '285120'
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: db
      k8s.kuboard.cn/name: db-example
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: db
        k8s.kuboard.cn/name: db-example
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: >-
            192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-gateway-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: db-example
          resources: {}
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
              name: db-example-storage
              subPath: mysql
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: registry-200
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      volumes:
        - name: db-example-storage
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: db-example-storage
status:
  availableReplicas: 1
  conditions:
    - lastTransitionTime: '2023-10-11T09:45:54Z'
      lastUpdateTime: '2023-10-11T09:45:54Z'
      message: Deployment has minimum availability.
      reason: MinimumReplicasAvailable
      status: 'True'
      type: Available
    - lastTransitionTime: '2023-10-11T09:45:54Z'
      lastUpdateTime: '2023-10-11T10:45:32Z'
      message: ReplicaSet "db-example-d765d8978" has successfully progressed.
      reason: NewReplicaSetAvailable
      status: 'True'
      type: Progressing
  observedGeneration: 3
  readyReplicas: 1
  replicas: 1
  updatedReplicas: 1

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: db
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: db-example
  name: db-example
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '277172'
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.98.171.57
  clusterIPs:
    - 10.98.171.57
  internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
    - name: fp6ksw
      port: 3306
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 3306
  selector:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: db
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: db-example
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}



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4）部署微服务层

1. 基本信息填写
   添加工作负载基本信息
   

2.添加工作容器

CLOUD_EUREKA_DEFAULT_ZONE和DB_EXAMPLE_URL中的cloud-eureka和db-example都是之前创建的Service的name属性，以实现pod之间的通信。

3.应用并预览yaml

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/displayName: svc-example
    k8s.kuboard.cn/ingress: 'false'
    k8s.kuboard.cn/service: none
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: svc-example
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: svc
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: svc-example
  name: svc-example
  namespace: example
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: svc
      k8s.kuboard.cn/name: svc-example
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: svc
        k8s.kuboard.cn/name: svc-example
    spec:
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: CLOUD_EUREKA_DEFAULT_ZONE
              value: 'http://cloud-eureka:9200/eureka'
            - name: DB_EXAMPLE_URL
              value: >-
                jdbc:mysql://db-example:3306/eip_db_example?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
            - name: DB_EXAMPLE_USERNAME
              value: eip_user
            - name: DB_EXAMPLE_PASSWORD
              value: 1qaz2wsx
            - name: snowflake.dataCenterId
              value: '1'
            - name: csp.sentinel.dashboard.server
              value: monitor-sentinel
          image: >-
            192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-svc-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
          name: svc-example
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: registry-200
      initContainers: []


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5）部署展示层

1. 基本信息填写
   添加工作负载基本信息
   

2. 添加工作容器信息
   

3. 添加服务与路由

服务配置

路由配置

4.应用并预览yaml

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/displayName: ''
    k8s.kuboard.cn/ingress: 'true'
    k8s.kuboard.cn/service: ClusterIP
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: web-example
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: web
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: web-example
  name: web-example
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '331193'
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: web
      k8s.kuboard.cn/name: web-example
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: web
        k8s.kuboard.cn/name: web-example
    spec:
      containers:
        - args: []
          command:
            - nginx
            - '-g'
            - daemon off;
          image: >-
            192.168.16.200:5000/kuboard-dependency/example-web-example:v1.0.0-alpha.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: web-example
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: registry-200
      initContainers: []

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations: {}
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: web
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: web-example
  name: web-example
  namespace: example
spec:
  ports:
    - name: mawfrp
      nodePort: 30090
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 80
  selector:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: web
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: web-example
  type: NodePort

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/displayName: we-example
    k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: web-example
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: web
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: web-example
  name: web-example
  namespace: example
  resourceVersion: '270483'
spec:
  rules:
    - host: web-example.example.demo.kuboard.cn
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              service:
                name: web-example
                port:
                  name: mawfrp
            path: /
            pathType: Prefix
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

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5、验证web-example部署情况

在浏览器地址栏中输入 http://任意节点IP:30090，将打开如下页面：

点击创建

可以看到已经新增一条条目

🎉🎉🎉