• linux usb驱动移植(1)


    1. USB总线

    1.1 usb总线定义

    linux 设备模型中,总线由bus_type 结构表示,我们所用的 I2C、SPI、USB 都是用这个结构体来定义的。该结构体定义在 include/linux/device.h文件中:

    struct bus_type {
            const char              *name;
            const char              *dev_name;
            struct device           *dev_root;
            const struct attribute_group **bus_groups;
            const struct attribute_group **dev_groups;
            const struct attribute_group **drv_groups;
    
            int (*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
            int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
            int (*probe)(struct device *dev);
            int (*remove)(struct device *dev);
            void (*shutdown)(struct device *dev);
    
            int (*online)(struct device *dev);
            int (*offline)(struct device *dev);
    
            int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
            int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
    
            int (*num_vf)(struct device *dev);
    
            int (*dma_configure)(struct device *dev);
    
            const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
    
            const struct iommu_ops *iommu_ops;
    
            struct subsys_private *p;
            struct lock_class_key lock_key;
    
            bool need_parent_lock;
    };
    
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    其中部分字段的含义如下:

    • name:总线名称;
    • bus_groups:总线属性;
    • dev_groups:该总线上所有设备的默认属性;
    • drv_groups:该总线上所有驱动的默认属性;
    • match:当有新的设备或驱动添加到总线上时match函数被调用,如果设备和驱动可以匹配,返回0;
    • uevent:当一个设备添加、移除或添加环境变量时,函数调用;
    • probe:当有新设备或驱动添加时,probe函数调用,并且回调该驱动的probe函数来初始化相关联的设备;
    • remove:设备移除时调用remove函数;
    • shutdown:设备关机时调用shutdown函数;
    • suspend:设备进入睡眠时调用suspend函数;
    • resume:设备唤醒时调用resume函数;
    • pm:总线的电源管理选项,并回调设备驱动的电源管理模块;

    usb总线是 bus_type 类型的全局变量,这个变量已经被 linux 内核赋值好了,其结构体成员对应的函数也已经在内核里面写好,定义在drivers/usb/core/driver.c:

    struct bus_type usb_bus_type = {
            .name =         "usb",
            .match =        usb_device_match,
            .uevent =       usb_uevent,
            .need_parent_lock =     true,
    };
    
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    这里我们重点关注BUS匹配函数usb_device_match即可。

    1.2 usb设备和驱动匹配

    1.2.1 usb_device_match

    usb_bus_type 中的usb_device_match就是用来进行驱动和设备匹配的函数,不同的总线对应的match 函数肯定不一样,这个我们不用管,内核都会写好。

    我们所用的BUS总线对应的 match 函数是 usb_device_match函数,该函数定义在drivers/usb/core/driver.c:

    static int usb_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
    {
            /* devices and interfaces are handled separately */
            if (is_usb_device(dev)) {
    
                    /* interface drivers never match devices */
                    if (!is_usb_device_driver(drv))
                            return 0;
    
                    /* TODO: Add real matching code */
                    return 1;
    
            } else if (is_usb_interface(dev)) {
                    struct usb_interface *intf;
                    struct usb_driver *usb_drv;
                    const struct usb_device_id *id;
    
                    /* device drivers never match interfaces */
                    if (is_usb_device_driver(drv))
                            return 0;
    
                    intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
                    usb_drv = to_usb_driver(drv);
    
                    id = usb_match_id(intf, usb_drv->id_table);
                    if (id)
                            return 1;
    
                    id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, usb_drv);
                    if (id)
                            return 1;
            }
    
            return 0;
    }
    
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    在介绍这段之前,我们先来介绍一下usb设备和usb接口的区别:

    • 对于usb设备,使用struct usb_device类型表示,dev成员的type成员会设置成usb_device_type;
    • 对于usb接口,使用struct usb_interface类型表示,dev成员的type成员则会设成usb_if_device_type;

    接着我们再来说一下usb设备驱动和usb接口驱动的区别:

    • 对于usb设备驱动,使用struct usb_device_driver类型表示,是通过usb_register_device_driver函数来注册的,这个后面会介绍;
    • 对于usb接口驱动,使用struct usb_driver类型表示,是通过usb_register函数来注册的,这个后面会介绍;
      不管是设备驱动usb_device_driver,还是接口驱动usb_driver数据结构中都包含了struct usbdrv_wrap项,其定义如下:
    struct usbdrv_wrap {
        struct device_driver driver;
        int for_devices;
    }
    
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    数据结构中的for_devices用来表示该驱动是设备驱动还是接口驱动,如果为设备驱动,则在用usb_register_device_driver注册时,会将该变量for_devices设置成1,而接口驱动则设为0。usb_device_match中的is_usb_device_driver函数就是通过获取上而结构中的for_devices来进行判断是设备还是接口驱动的。

    接着我们再来分析一下上面的代码,该函数有两个参数:设备和设备驱动,该函数可以分为两部分,一部分用于匹配usb设备,另一部分用于匹配usb接口;

    • 对于usb设备,当匹配的是usb设备驱动时,将会匹配成功,实际上所有的usb设备对应的设备驱动都是usb_generic_driver,该设备驱动在usb子系统初始化时注册;
    • 对于usb接口,先用is_usb_device_driver来进行判断,如果不是usb设备驱动则继续判断,否则退出;然后再通过usb_match_id函数来判断接口和接口驱动中的usb_device_id是否匹配。

    驱动工程师的工作基本上集中在接口驱动上,所以通常是通过usb_register来注册usb接口驱动的。

    1.2.2 usb_match_id

    const struct usb_device_id *usb_match_id(struct usb_interface *interface,
                                             const struct usb_device_id *id)
    {
            /* proc_connectinfo in devio.c may call us with id == NULL. */
            if (id == NULL)
                    return NULL;
    
            /* It is important to check that id->driver_info is nonzero,
               since an entry that is all zeroes except for a nonzero
               id->driver_info is the way to create an entry that
               indicates that the driver want to examine every
               device and interface. */
            for (; id->idVendor || id->idProduct || id->bDeviceClass ||
                   id->bInterfaceClass || id->driver_info; id++) {
                    if (usb_match_one_id(interface, id))
                            return id;
            }
    
            return NULL;
    }
    
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    1.2.3 usb_match_one_id

    /* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
    int usb_match_device(struct usb_device *dev, const struct usb_device_id *id)
    {
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR) &&
                id->idVendor != le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT) &&
                id->idProduct != le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct))
                    return 0;
    
            /* No need to test id->bcdDevice_lo != 0, since 0 is never
               greater than any unsigned number. */
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_LO) &&
                (id->bcdDevice_lo > le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.bcdDevice)))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_HI) &&
                (id->bcdDevice_hi < le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.bcdDevice)))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_CLASS) &&
                (id->bDeviceClass != dev->descriptor.bDeviceClass))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_SUBCLASS) &&
                (id->bDeviceSubClass != dev->descriptor.bDeviceSubClass))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_PROTOCOL) &&
                (id->bDeviceProtocol != dev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol))
                    return 0;
    
            return 1;
    }
    
    /* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
    int usb_match_one_id_intf(struct usb_device *dev,
                              struct usb_host_interface *intf,
                              const struct usb_device_id *id)
    {
            /* The interface class, subclass, protocol and number should never be
             * checked for a match if the device class is Vendor Specific,
             * unless the match record specifies the Vendor ID. */
            if (dev->descriptor.bDeviceClass == USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC &&
                            !(id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR) &&
                            (id->match_flags & (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS |
                                    USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS |
                                    USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL |
                                    USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_NUMBER)))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS) &&
                (id->bInterfaceClass != intf->desc.bInterfaceClass))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS) &&
                (id->bInterfaceSubClass != intf->desc.bInterfaceSubClass))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL) &&
                (id->bInterfaceProtocol != intf->desc.bInterfaceProtocol))
                    return 0;
    
            if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_NUMBER) &&
                (id->bInterfaceNumber != intf->desc.bInterfaceNumber))
                    return 0;
    
            return 1;
    }
    
    /* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
    int usb_match_one_id(struct usb_interface *interface,
                         const struct usb_device_id *id)
    {
            struct usb_host_interface *intf;
            struct usb_device *dev;
    
            /* proc_connectinfo in devio.c may call us with id == NULL. */
            if (id == NULL)
                    return 0;
    
            intf = interface->cur_altsetting;
            dev = interface_to_usbdev(interface);
    
            if (!usb_match_device(dev, id))
                    return 0;
    
            return usb_match_one_id_intf(dev, intf, id);
    }
    
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    实际上这里就是将usb设备(usb设备的设备描述符信息、以及接口描述符信息)的信息和usb_driver驱动id_table信息进行匹配,如果匹配成功,则返回1,否则返回0.

    1.3 usb总线注册

    usb的总线注册是由usb_init函数完成,该函数也是usb子系统的入口函数,代码实现在drivers/usb/core/usb.c文件中,模块入口/出口函数如下:

    subsys_initcall(usb_init);
    module_exit(usb_exit);
    
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    usb_init函数代码:

    /*
     * Init
     */
    static int __init usb_init(void)
    {
            int retval;
            if (usb_disabled()) {
                    pr_info("%s: USB support disabled\n", usbcore_name);
                    return 0;
            }
            usb_init_pool_max();
    
            usb_debugfs_init();
    
            usb_acpi_register();
            retval = bus_register(&usb_bus_type);
            if (retval)
                    goto bus_register_failed;
            retval = bus_register_notifier(&usb_bus_type, &usb_bus_nb);
            if (retval)
                    goto bus_notifier_failed;
            retval = usb_major_init();
            if (retval)
                    goto major_init_failed;
            retval = usb_register(&usbfs_driver);
            if (retval)
                    goto driver_register_failed;
            retval = usb_devio_init();
            if (retval)
                    goto usb_devio_init_failed;
            retval = usb_hub_init();
            if (retval)
                    goto hub_init_failed;
            retval = usb_register_device_driver(&usb_generic_driver, THIS_MODULE);
            if (!retval)
                    goto out;
    
            usb_hub_cleanup();
    hub_init_failed:
            usb_devio_cleanup();
    usb_devio_init_failed:
            usb_deregister(&usbfs_driver);
    driver_register_failed:
            usb_major_cleanup();
    major_init_failed:
            bus_unregister_notifier(&usb_bus_type, &usb_bus_nb);
    bus_notifier_failed:
            bus_unregister(&usb_bus_type);
    bus_register_failed:
            usb_acpi_unregister();
            usb_debugfs_cleanup();
    out:
            return retval;
    }
    
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    在usb_init函数中主要有如下的三个主要函数:

    • 通过usb_debugfs_init初始化usb debugfs;
    • 通过bus_register注册usb总线usb_bus_type;
    • 通过bus_register_notifier注册usb总线通知链;
    • 通过usb_major_init注册usb控制器字符设备,主设备编号为181,字符设备名称为usb;
    • 通过usb_register注册usbfs驱动;
    • 通过usb_devio_init注册usb设备字符设备,主设备编号为189,字符设备名称为usb_device;
    • 通过usb_hub_init初始化usb hub接口驱动;
    • 通过usb_register_device_driver注册usb设备驱动.

    2. usb子系统初始化

    由于usb_init函数比较复杂,这里就单独一小节进行介绍。

    2.1 usb_debugfs_init()

    usb_debugfs_init函数定义在drivers/usb/core/usb.c文件中:

    static void usb_debugfs_init(void)
    {
            usb_debug_root = debugfs_create_dir("usb", NULL);
            debugfs_create_file("devices", 0444, usb_debug_root, NULL,
                                &usbfs_devices_fops);
    }
    
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    其主要作用就是在debug文件系统中创建一个usb目录,然后在usb目录下面创建一个devices的文件。

    要使用debugfs下面的usb功能,需要先挂着debug文件系统,具体初始化了啥调试接口,看下usbfs_devices_fops操作函数集。

    mount -t debugfs none $(debugfs) 
    
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    2.2 bus_register(&usb_bus_type)

    struct bus_type usb_bus_type = {
            .name =         "usb",
            .match =        usb_device_match,
            .uevent =       usb_uevent,
            .need_parent_lock =     true,
    };
    
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    bus_register中创建了两个链表,一个为设备链表,一个为驱动链表:

    klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, klist_devices_get, klist_devices_put);
    klist_init(&priv->klist_drivers, NULL, NULL);
    
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    usb总线设备链表上挂载的是usb设备或者usb接口,而在usb总线驱动链表上挂在的是usb设备驱动或者是usb接口驱动。

    无论是usb设备还是usb接口,其设备基类都是struct device,该类型包含一个成员是bus,类型为struct bus_type,会被初始化为usb_bus_type。

    无论是usb设备驱动还是usb接口驱动,其驱动基类都是struct device_driver,该类型包含一个成员是bus,类型为struct bus_type,会被初始化为usb_bus_type。

    usb总线上设备链表上的设备和驱动链表上的驱动的匹配函数是usb_device_match,这个上面已经介绍过了。
    在这里插入图片描述
    bus_register函数调用后,就会在用户空间生成usb相关文件,执行如下命令:

    root:~# ls /sys/bus/usb
    devices  drivers  drivers_autoprobe  drivers_probe  uevent
    
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    /sys/bus/usb/devices里用来存放的是usb设备,/sys/bus/usb/drivers里用来存放的是usb驱动:

    root:~# ls /sys/bus/usb/devices
    1-0:1.0  2-0:1.0  2-1  2-1:1.0  2-2  2-2.1  2-2:1.0  2-2.1:1.0  2-2.1:1.1  usb1  usb2
    root:~# ls /sys/bus/usb/drivers
    btusb  hub  usb  usbfs  usbhid
    
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    2.3 bus_register_notifier(&usb_bus_type,&usb_bus_nb)

    bus_register_notifier函数定义在drivers/base/bus.c:

    int bus_register_notifier(struct bus_type *bus, struct notifier_block *nb)
    {
        return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&bus->p->bus_notifier, nb);
    }
    
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    usb_bus_nb定义在drivers/usb/core/usb.c:

    static struct notifier_block usb_bus_nb = {
            .notifier_call = usb_bus_notify,
    };
    
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    这里注册了usb总线通知链,当向usb_bus_type添加删除设备的时候会调用usb_bus_nb指定的notifier_cal方法,即usb_bus_notify:

    /*
     * Notifications of device and interface registration
     */
    static int usb_bus_notify(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
                    void *data)
    {
            struct device *dev = data;
    
            switch (action) {
            case BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE:       // 添加设备
                    if (dev->type == &usb_device_type)   // usb设备
                            (void) usb_create_sysfs_dev_files(to_usb_device(dev));
                    else if (dev->type == &usb_if_device_type)   // usb接口
                            usb_create_sysfs_intf_files(to_usb_interface(dev));
                    break;
    
            case BUS_NOTIFY_DEL_DEVICE:          // 删除设备
                    if (dev->type == &usb_device_type)   // usb设备
                            usb_remove_sysfs_dev_files(to_usb_device(dev));
                    else if (dev->type == &usb_if_device_type)  // usb接口
                            usb_remove_sysfs_intf_files(to_usb_interface(dev));
                    break;
            }
            return 0;
    }
    
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    2.4 usb_major_init()

    usb_major_init函数定义在drivers/usb/core/file.c:

    int usb_major_init(void)
    {
            int error;
    
            error = register_chrdev(USB_MAJOR, "usb", &usb_fops);
            if (error)
                    printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to get major %d for usb devices\n",
                           USB_MAJOR);
    
            return error;
    }
    
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    这里使用register_chrdev向内核注册usb主控制器字符设备,字符设备的名称为usb,字符设备的主设备号为USB_MAJOR(180),设备操作为usb_fops。

    register_chrdev封装了register_chrdev_region、cdev_alloc、cdev_add相关逻辑,这里不介绍了。

    其中usb_fops定义为:

    static const struct file_operations usb_fops = {
            .owner =        THIS_MODULE,
            .open =         usb_open,
            .llseek =       noop_llseek,
    };
    
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    2.5 usb_register(&usbfs_driver)

    用usb_register宏向linux内核注册usb接口驱动usbfs_driver,usbfs_driver定义在drivers/usb/core/devio.c:

    struct usb_driver usbfs_driver = {
            .name =         "usbfs",
            .probe =        driver_probe,
            .disconnect =   driver_disconnect,
            .suspend =      driver_suspend,
            .resume =       driver_resume,
    };
    
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    usb_rigister宏定义在include/linux/usb.h文件中:

    /* use a define to avoid include chaining to get THIS_MODULE & friends */
    #define usb_register(driver) \
            usb_register_driver(driver, THIS_MODULE, KBUILD_MODNAME)
    
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    /**
     * usb_register_driver - register a USB interface driver
     * @new_driver: USB operations for the interface driver
     * @owner: module owner of this driver.
     * @mod_name: module name string
     *
     * Registers a USB interface driver with the USB core.  The list of
     * unattached interfaces will be rescanned whenever a new driver is
     * added, allowing the new driver to attach to any recognized interfaces.
     *
     * Return: A negative error code on failure and 0 on success.
     *
     * NOTE: if you want your driver to use the USB major number, you must call
     * usb_register_dev() to enable that functionality.  This function no longer
     * takes care of that.
     */
    int usb_register_driver(struct usb_driver *new_driver, struct module *owner,
                            const char *mod_name)
    {
            int retval = 0;
    
            if (usb_disabled())
                    return -ENODEV;
    
            new_driver->drvwrap.for_devices = 0;
            new_driver->drvwrap.driver.name = new_driver->name;
            new_driver->drvwrap.driver.bus = &usb_bus_type;
            new_driver->drvwrap.driver.probe = usb_probe_interface;
            new_driver->drvwrap.driver.remove = usb_unbind_interface;
            new_driver->drvwrap.driver.owner = owner;
            new_driver->drvwrap.driver.mod_name = mod_name;
            spin_lock_init(&new_driver->dynids.lock);
            INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_driver->dynids.list);
    
            retval = driver_register(&new_driver->drvwrap.driver);
            if (retval)
                    goto out;
    
            retval = usb_create_newid_files(new_driver);
            if (retval)
                    goto out_newid;
    
            pr_info("%s: registered new interface driver %s\n",
                            usbcore_name, new_driver->name);
    
    out:
            return retval;
    
    out_newid:
            driver_unregister(&new_driver->drvwrap.driver);
    
            printk(KERN_ERR "%s: error %d registering interface "
                            "       driver %s\n",
                            usbcore_name, retval, new_driver->name);
            goto out;
    }
    
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    这里首先初始化usb接口驱动里的驱动基类driver,然后调用driver_register进行驱动注册,关于驱动注册函数driver_register具体参考linux驱动移植-总线设备驱动。

    这里简单介绍一下driver_register函数执行流程:

    • 将usb接口驱动添加到usb总线上(usb_bus_type);
    • 遍历usb总线上的所有usb接口,然后调用usb_device_match进行usb接口驱动和usb接口的匹配;
    • 匹配成功后最终会执行usb接口驱动的probe函数,过程中的驱动基类driver的probe函数和 usb_probe_interface 函数都是达到这个目的的中转函数而已。

    2.6 usb_devio_init()

    usb_devio_init函数实现在drivers/usb/core/devio.c:

    int __init usb_devio_init(void)
    {
            int retval;
    
            retval = register_chrdev_region(USB_DEVICE_DEV, USB_DEVICE_MAX,
                                            "usb_device");
            if (retval) {
                    printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to register minors for usb_device\n");
                    goto out;
            }
            cdev_init(&usb_device_cdev, &usbdev_file_operations);
            retval = cdev_add(&usb_device_cdev, USB_DEVICE_DEV, USB_DEVICE_MAX);
            if (retval) {
                    printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to get usb_device major %d\n",
                           USB_DEVICE_MAJOR);
                    goto error_cdev;
            }
            usb_register_notify(&usbdev_nb);
    out:
            return retval;
    
    error_cdev:
            unregister_chrdev_region(USB_DEVICE_DEV, USB_DEVICE_MAX);
            goto out;
    }
    
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    首先使用register_chrdev_region来静态注册一组字符设备编号,主设备编号为USB_DEVICE_DEV(189),次设备编号从0~USB_DEVICE_MAX,字符设备名称为usb_device。

    然后使用cdev_init初始化字符设备结构体cdev,usbdev_file_operations结构体放入cdev-> ops 里。

    最后使用cdev_add将字符设备usb_device_cdev添加到系统,并将USB_DEVICE_DEV(定义为 MKDEV(USB_DEVICE_MAJOR, 0),即起始设备编号)放入cdev-> dev里, USB_DEVICE_MAX放入cdev->count里。

    函数的最后又使用usb_register_notify注册了usb设备通知链。

    2.7 usb_register_notify(&usbdev_nb)

    usbdev_nb定义在 drivers/usb/core/devio.c:

    static struct notifier_block usbdev_nb = {
            .notifier_call =        usbdev_notify,
    };
    
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    usb_register_notify函数定义在drivers/usb/core/notify.c:

    /**
     * usb_register_notify - register a notifier callback whenever a usb change happens
     * @nb: pointer to the notifier block for the callback events.
     *
     * These changes are either USB devices or busses being added or removed.
     */
    void usb_register_notify(struct notifier_block *nb)
    {
            blocking_notifier_chain_register(&usb_notifier_list, nb);
    }
    
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    usb通知链表头为usb_notifier_list:

    static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(usb_notifier_list);
    
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    在drivers/usb/core/notify.c文件中,有四个函数对usb_notifier_list中发送通知,这四个函数如下:

    void usb_notify_add_device(struct usb_device *udev)
    {
            blocking_notifier_call_chain(&usb_notifier_list, USB_DEVICE_ADD, udev);
    }
    
    void usb_notify_remove_device(struct usb_device *udev)
    {
            /* Protect against simultaneous usbfs open */
            mutex_lock(&usbfs_mutex);
            blocking_notifier_call_chain(&usb_notifier_list,
                            USB_DEVICE_REMOVE, udev);
            mutex_unlock(&usbfs_mutex);
    }
    
    void usb_notify_add_bus(struct usb_bus *ubus)
    {
            blocking_notifier_call_chain(&usb_notifier_list, USB_BUS_ADD, ubus);
    }
    
    void usb_notify_remove_bus(struct usb_bus *ubus)
    {
            blocking_notifier_call_chain(&usb_notifier_list, USB_BUS_REMOVE, ubus);
    }
    
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    当这些事件发生后会调用usbdev_nb指定的notifier_cal方法,即usbdev_notify:

    static int usbdev_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
                                   unsigned long action, void *dev)
    {
            switch (action) {
            case USB_DEVICE_ADD:  // 设备添加
                    break;
            case USB_DEVICE_REMOVE:  // 设备删除
                    usbdev_remove(dev);
                    break;
            }
            return NOTIFY_OK;
    }
    
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    2.8 usb_hub_init()

    int usb_hub_init(void)
    {
            if (usb_register(&hub_driver) < 0) {
                    printk(KERN_ERR "%s: can't register hub driver\n",
                            usbcore_name);
                    return -1;
            }
    
            /*
             * The workqueue needs to be freezable to avoid interfering with
             * USB-PERSIST port handover. Otherwise it might see that a full-speed
             * device was gone before the EHCI controller had handed its port
             * over to the companion full-speed controller.
             */
            hub_wq = alloc_workqueue("usb_hub_wq", WQ_FREEZABLE, 0);
            if (hub_wq)
                    return 0;
    
            /* Fall through if kernel_thread failed */
            usb_deregister(&hub_driver);
            pr_err("%s: can't allocate workqueue for usb hub\n", usbcore_name);
    
            return -1;
    }
    
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    该函数主要做了以下工作:

    • 通过usb_register向usb总线注册hub_driver接口驱动,指定了probe,disconnect,suspend,resume,id_table等相关函数。可以猜测,在根hub创建后,会执行此处的hub_probe函数。
    • 创建新的工作队列,工作队列名称为usb_hub_wq,标志位为WQ_FREEZABLE;参数WQ_FREEZABLE表示工作线程在挂起时候,需要先完成当前队列的所有工作之后才能挂起。创建好队列后,需要定义一个工作用于完成实际的任务。

    hub_driver全局变量定义如下:

    static struct usb_driver hub_driver = {
            .name =         "hub",
            .probe =        hub_probe,
            .disconnect =   hub_disconnect,
            .suspend =      hub_suspend,
            .resume =       hub_resume,
            .reset_resume = hub_reset_resume,
            .pre_reset =    hub_pre_reset,
            .post_reset =   hub_post_reset,
            .unlocked_ioctl = hub_ioctl,
            .id_table =     hub_id_table,
            .supports_autosuspend = 1,
    };
    
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    2.9 usb_register_device_drive(&usb_generic_driver, THIS_MODULE)

    usb_register_device_driver函数用于注册通用设备驱动usb_generic_driver,usb_generic_driver定义在drivers/usb/core/generic.c:

    struct usb_device_driver usb_generic_driver = {
            .name = "usb",
            .probe = generic_probe,
            .disconnect = generic_disconnect,
    #ifdef  CONFIG_PM
            .suspend = generic_suspend,
            .resume = generic_resume,
    #endif
            .supports_autosuspend = 1,
    };
    
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    所有的usb设备注册到usb总线后,都会和usb_generic_driver驱动匹配成功,也就是都会会执行generic_probe。

    usb_register_device_driver定义在drivers/usb/core/driver.c文件中:

    /**
     * usb_register_device_driver - register a USB device (not interface) driver
     * @new_udriver: USB operations for the device driver
     * @owner: module owner of this driver.
     *
     * Registers a USB device driver with the USB core.  The list of
     * unattached devices will be rescanned whenever a new driver is
     * added, allowing the new driver to attach to any recognized devices.
     *
     * Return: A negative error code on failure and 0 on success.
     */
    int usb_register_device_driver(struct usb_device_driver *new_udriver,
                    struct module *owner)
    {
            int retval = 0;
    
            if (usb_disabled())
                    return -ENODEV;
    
            new_udriver->drvwrap.for_devices = 1;
            new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.name = new_udriver->name;
            new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.bus = &usb_bus_type;
            new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.probe = usb_probe_device;
            new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.remove = usb_unbind_device;
            new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.owner = owner;
    
            retval = driver_register(&new_udriver->drvwrap.driver);
    
            if (!retval)
                    pr_info("%s: registered new device driver %s\n",
                            usbcore_name, new_udriver->name);
            else
                    printk(KERN_ERR "%s: error %d registering device "
                            "       driver %s\n",
                            usbcore_name, retval, new_udriver->name);
    
            return retval;
    }
    
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    这里首先初始化us设备口驱动里的驱动基类driver,然后调用driver_register进行驱动注册,关于驱动注册函数driver_register具体参考linux驱动移植-总线设备驱动。

    这里简单介绍一下driver_register函数执行流程

    • 将usb设备驱动添加到usb总线上;
    • 遍历usb总线上的所有usb设备,然后进行usb设备驱动和usb设备的匹配;
    • 匹配成功后最终会执行usb设备驱动的probe函数,过程中的驱动基类driver的probe函数和 usb_probe_device函数都是达到这个目的的中转函数而已。

    3. usb接口驱动

    3.1 usb接口驱动定义

    在linux 设备模型中,usb接口驱动由usb_driver 结构表示,该结构体定义在 include/linux/usb.h文件中:

    struct usb_driver {
            const char *name;
    
            int (*probe) (struct usb_interface *intf,
                          const struct usb_device_id *id);
    
            void (*disconnect) (struct usb_interface *intf);
    
            int (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct usb_interface *intf, unsigned int code,
                            void *buf);
    
            int (*suspend) (struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message);
            int (*resume) (struct usb_interface *intf);
            int (*reset_resume)(struct usb_interface *intf);
    
            int (*pre_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf);
            int (*post_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf);
    
            const struct usb_device_id *id_table;
    
            struct usb_dynids dynids;
            struct usbdrv_wrap drvwrap;
            unsigned int no_dynamic_id:1;
            unsigned int supports_autosuspend:1;
            unsigned int disable_hub_initiated_lpm:1;
            unsigned int soft_unbind:1;
    };
    
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    其中部分成员的含义如下:

    • probe:当usb接口驱动和usb接口匹配成功之后,就会调用probe函数,usb接口驱动所有的资源的注册和初始化全部放在probe函数中;
    • id_table:往往一个usb接口驱动可能能同时支持多个usb接口,这些usb接口的标识信息都放在该结构体数组中;
    • drvwrap:为struct usbdrv_wrap结构体类型,其中有一个成员为struct device_driver类型,即驱动基类,驱动基类,内核维护的所有的驱动必须包含该成员;

    usb_driver中的id_table在usb总线进行usb接口驱动和usb接口匹配时使用,id_table是一个数组,里面每个元素类型都是usb_device_id ,指定了满足某些规则的的usb接口会和usb接口驱动匹配,usb_device_id 结构定义在include/linux/mod_devicetable.h文件中:

    struct usb_device_id {
            /* which fields to match against? */
            __u16           match_flags;
    
            /* Used for product specific matches; range is inclusive */
            __u16           idVendor;
            __u16           idProduct;
            __u16           bcdDevice_lo;
            __u16           bcdDevice_hi;
    
            /* Used for device class matches */
            __u8            bDeviceClass;
            __u8            bDeviceSubClass;
            __u8            bDeviceProtocol;
    
            /* Used for interface class matches */
            __u8            bInterfaceClass;
            __u8            bInterfaceSubClass;
            __u8            bInterfaceProtocol;
    
            /* Used for vendor-specific interface matches */
            __u8            bInterfaceNumber;
    
            /* not matched against */
            kernel_ulong_t  driver_info
                    __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));
    };
    
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    usb_driver成员drvwrap中成员driver是一个驱动基类,相当于驱动具有的最基础的属性,driver是struct device_driver类型,定义在include/linux/device.h文件中。

    3.2 usb接口驱动注册

    用usb_register宏向linux内核注册usb接口驱动,usb_register这个上面介绍了,不再重复介绍。

    3.3 usb接口驱动卸载

    用usb_deregister函数卸载usb接口驱动,函数定义在drivers/usb/core/driver.c文件中:

    void usb_deregister(struct usb_driver *driver)
    {
            pr_info("%s: deregistering interface driver %s\n",
                            usbcore_name, driver->name);
    
            usb_remove_newid_files(driver);
            driver_unregister(&driver->drvwrap.driver);
            usb_free_dynids(driver);
    }
    
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    可以看到最终调用的driver_unregister,这里就不具体介绍了。

    4. usb设备驱动

    4.1 usb设备驱动定义

    在linux 设备模型中,usb设备驱动由usb_device_driver 结构表示,该结构体定义在 include/linux/usb.h文件中:

    struct usb_device_driver {
            const char *name;
    
            int (*probe) (struct usb_device *udev);
            void (*disconnect) (struct usb_device *udev);
    
            int (*suspend) (struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t message);
            int (*resume) (struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t message);
            struct usbdrv_wrap drvwrap;
            unsigned int supports_autosuspend:1;
    };
    
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    4.2 usb设备驱动注册

    用usb_device_driver 结构体定义好usb设备驱动后,用usb_register_device_driver函数向linux内核注册usb设备驱动,usb_register_device_driver这个上面介绍了,不再重复介绍。

    4.3 usb设备驱动卸载

    用usb_deregister_device_driver函数卸载us设备口驱动,函数定义在drivers/usb/core/driver.c文件中:

    void usb_deregister_device_driver(struct usb_device_driver *udriver)
    {
            pr_info("%s: deregistering device driver %s\n",
                            usbcore_name, udriver->name);
    
            driver_unregister(&udriver->drvwrap.driver);
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44810385/article/details/133795435