• 06_玩转Docker容器：80分钟一口气学完docker+k8s！带你掌握docker+k8s所有核心知识点，全程干货，无废话！

    Docker容器管理：

    docker run：表示创建和启动：

    docker run+镜像名。若镜像不存在本地，就会在线去下载该镜像。

    注意：

    1、容器内的进程必须处于前台运行状态，否则容器就会直接退出。自己部署一个容器运行，命令不得后台运行，前台运行即可。

    2、如果容器内，什么事也没做，容器也会挂掉。容器内，必须有一个进程在前台运行。

    1.  #运行容器的玩法
    2. #1.运行一个挂掉的容器，（从错误示范来学docker容器）
    3. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
    4. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
    5. ^[[A[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
    6. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
    7. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
    8. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps 
    9. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    10.  
    11. 这个写法，会产生多个独立的容器记录，且容器内没有程序在运行，因此挂掉。
    12. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps -a
    13. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
    14. 0a5b4fbb2725   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               24 seconds ago   Exited (0) 23 seconds ago             vigorous_swirles
    15. 36364da5f661   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               25 seconds ago   Exited (0) 24 seconds ago             nifty_banach
    16. d596bf2ef05e   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               28 seconds ago   Exited (0) 27 seconds ago             dreamy_kowalevski
    17. 5339d8bfe246   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               29 seconds ago   Exited (0) 28 seconds ago             laughing_chaum
    18. c6a69c5a7be3   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               31 seconds ago   Exited (0) 30 seconds ago             hopeful_joliot
    19. 4a77939ee186   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 minutes ago    Exited (0) 6 minutes ago              affectionate_chatelet
    20. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# 
    21.  
    22. 进入容器内，且在容器内执行某个命令
    23. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run  -it centos sh
    24. sh-4.4# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    25. CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
    26.  
    27. 开启某个容器，让它帮你执行某个命令，属于前台运行会卡住一个终端。
    28. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run centos ping www.baidu.com
    29. PING www.a.shifen.com (14.119.104.189) 56(84) bytes of data.
    30. 64 bytes from 14.119.104.189 (14.119.104.189): icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=37.7 ms
    31.  
    32.  
    33. -d参数，让容器在后台跑着（针对宿主机而言）
    34. 返回容器ID
    35. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d centos ping baidu.com
    36. 23c59f80b4e441ef935bfdba926c66f07df955d25ad4397ecdc74315441f7aa2
    37. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# 
    38. 运行一个活着的容器，Docker ps可以看到的容器
    39. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
    40. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND            CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    41. 23c59f80b4e4   centos    "ping baidu.com"   49 seconds ago   Up 48 seconds             fervent_perlman
    42. [root@Hadoop2 ~]#

    3、丰富docker运行的参数。-d：后台运行，--rm容器挂掉后自动删除，--name给容器起名

    1. 启动一个容器
    2. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d --rm --name JinCentos centos ping baidu.com
    3. b9b28ae6274191a22722adf1c72d62e3a9ce9b49394bd0d36ded0f6bc65e4cbc
    4. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
    5. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND            CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    6. b9b28ae62741   centos    "ping baidu.com"   4 seconds ago    Up 3 seconds              JinCentos
    7. 23c59f80b4e4   centos    "ping baidu.com"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes             fervent_perlman
    8.  
    9. 停止该容器
    10. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker stop b9b28ae62741
    11. b9b28ae62741
    12. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps 
    13. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND            CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    14. 23c59f80b4e4   centos    "ping baidu.com"   12 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes             fervent_perlman
    15.  
    16. 容器被删除，即容器历史被删除。
    17. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps  -a
    18. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
    19. 23c59f80b4e4   centos         "ping baidu.com"          12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                            fervent_perlman
    20. 2c62952389ed   centos         "ping www.baidu.com"      21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                admiring_yalow
    21. 2545a30fdfae   centos         "sh"                      28 minutes ago      Exited (127) 22 minutes ago              trusting_burnell
    22. 0a5b4fbb2725   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                vigorous_swirles
    23. 36364da5f661   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                nifty_banach
    24. d596bf2ef05e   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                dreamy_kowalevski
    25. 5339d8bfe246   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                laughing_chaum
    26. c6a69c5a7be3   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                hopeful_joliot
    27. 4a77939ee186   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             affectionate_chatelet
    28. [root@Hadoop2 ~]#

    4、查看容器日志

    1. #-f每秒刷新他
    2. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker logs -f 23c59f80b4e4
    3.  
    4. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker logs 23c59f80b4e4 | tail -5
    5. 64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1320 ttl=127 time=44.7 ms
    6. 64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1321 ttl=127 time=44.9 ms
    7. 64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1322 ttl=127 time=44.7 ms
    8. 64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1323 ttl=127 time=46.3 ms
    9. 64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1324 ttl=127 time=45.7 ms
    10. [root@Hadoop2 ~]#

    5、进入正在运行的容器空间内，挂了的容器进不去哈。

    1. exec:进入容器内、-it:交付式操作（i表示可以输入命令，t表示打开终端，合起来就是在Xshell中输入命令）
    2. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker exec -it 2009e3dc9226 bash
    3.  
    4. 容器中跑起来的进程如下：
    5. ps:查看服务器的进程信息;
    6. -e:等价于 ‘-A’ ，表示列出全部的进程;
    7. -f：显示全部的列（显示全字段)
    8. [root@2009e3dc9226 /]# ps -ef
    9. UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    10. root          1      0  0 02:49 ?        00:00:00 ping www.baidu.com
    11. root          7      0  0 02:51 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
    12. root         21      7  0 02:57 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
    13.  
    14.  
    15. exec进入容器空间内，不能进入镜像内
    16. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker exec -it  nginx sh 
    17. Error response from daemon: No such container: nginx
    18.  
    19. 进入容器内，但是这种方式好像不好用，tab补全功能都无法实现
    20. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -it nginx sh
    21. # ls
    22. bin  boot  dev	docker-entrypoint.d  docker-entrypoint.sh  etc	home  lib  lib32  lib64  libx32  media	mnt  opt  proc	root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp	usr  var
    23. # ca	^H^H^H^H^[[B
    24. sh: 2: ca: not found
    25. # cat /et	^H^H^H
    26. cat: /et: No such file or directory
    27. cat: ''$'\b\b\b': No such file or directory
    28. # cat /etc/os-release
    29. PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
    30. NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
    31. VERSION_ID="12"
    32. VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
    33. VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
    34. ID=debian
    35. HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
    36. SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
    37. BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
    38. # pwd
    39. /
    40. #

    6、查看容器的详细信息，用于高级的调试：

    1. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
    2. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    3. 2009e3dc9226   centos    "ping www.baidu.com"   17 minutes ago   Up 17 minutes             wonderful_benz
    4. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker container inspect 2009e3dc9226
    5.  
    6. 下面是容器信息：
    7. [
    8.     {
    9.         "Id": "2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b",
    10.         "Created": "2023-09-25T02:49:29.374550017Z",
    11.         "Path": "ping",
    12.         "Args": [
    13.             "www.baidu.com"
    14.         ],
    15.         "State": {
    16.             "Status": "running",
    17.             "Running": true,
    18.             "Paused": false,
    19.             "Restarting": false,
    20.             "OOMKilled": false,
    21.             "Dead": false,
    22.             "Pid": 2699,
    23.             "ExitCode": 0,
    24.             "Error": "",
    25.             "StartedAt": "2023-09-25T02:49:29.698895563Z",
    26.             "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
    27.         },
    28.         "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
    29.         "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/resolv.conf",
    30.         "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/hostname",
    31.         "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/hosts",
    32.         "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b-json.log",
    33.         "Name": "/wonderful_benz",
    34.         "RestartCount": 0,
    35.         "Driver": "overlay2",
    36.         "Platform": "linux",
    37.         "MountLabel": "",
    38.         "ProcessLabel": "",
    39.         "AppArmorProfile": "",
    40.         "ExecIDs": null,
    41.         "HostConfig": {
    42.             "Binds": null,
    43.             "ContainerIDFile": "",
    44.             "LogConfig": {
    45.                 "Type": "json-file",
    46.                 "Config": {}
    47.             },
    48.             "NetworkMode": "default",
    49.             "PortBindings": {},
    50.             "RestartPolicy": {
    51.                 "Name": "no",
    52.                 "MaximumRetryCount": 0
    53.             },
    54.             "AutoRemove": false,
    55.             "VolumeDriver": "",
    56.             "VolumesFrom": null,
    57.             "CapAdd": null,
    58.             "CapDrop": null,
    59.             "CgroupnsMode": "host",
    60.             "Dns": [],
    61.             "DnsOptions": [],
    62.             "DnsSearch": [],
    63.             "ExtraHosts": null,
    64.             "GroupAdd": null,
    65.             "IpcMode": "private",
    66.             "Cgroup": "",
    67.             "Links": null,
    68.             "OomScoreAdj": 0,
    69.             "PidMode": "",
    70.             "Privileged": false,
    71.             "PublishAllPorts": false,
    72.             "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
    73.             "SecurityOpt": null,
    74.             "UTSMode": "",
    75.             "UsernsMode": "",
    76.             "ShmSize": 67108864,
    77.             "Runtime": "runc",
    78.             "ConsoleSize": [
    79.                 42,
    80.                 163
    81.             ],
    82.             "Isolation": "",
    83.             "CpuShares": 0,
    84.             "Memory": 0,
    85.             "NanoCpus": 0,
    86.             "CgroupParent": "",
    87.             "BlkioWeight": 0,
    88.             "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
    89.             "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
    90.             "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
    91.             "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
    92.             "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
    93.             "CpuPeriod": 0,
    94.             "CpuQuota": 0,
    95.             "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
    96.             "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
    97.             "CpusetCpus": "",
    98.             "CpusetMems": "",
    99.             "Devices": [],
    100.             "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
    101.             "DeviceRequests": null,
    102.             "KernelMemory": 0,
    103.             "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
    104.             "MemoryReservation": 0,
    105.             "MemorySwap": 0,
    106.             "MemorySwappiness": null,
    107.             "OomKillDisable": false,
    108.             "PidsLimit": null,
    109.             "Ulimits": null,
    110.             "CpuCount": 0,
    111.             "CpuPercent": 0,
    112.             "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
    113.             "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
    114.             "MaskedPaths": [
    115.                 "/proc/asound",
    116.                 "/proc/acpi",
    117.                 "/proc/kcore",
    118.                 "/proc/keys",
    119.                 "/proc/latency_stats",
    120.                 "/proc/timer_list",
    121.                 "/proc/timer_stats",
    122.                 "/proc/sched_debug",
    123.                 "/proc/scsi",
    124.                 "/sys/firmware"
    125.             ],
    126.             "ReadonlyPaths": [
    127.                 "/proc/bus",
    128.                 "/proc/fs",
    129.                 "/proc/irq",
    130.                 "/proc/sys",
    131.                 "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
    132.             ]
    133.         },
    134.         "GraphDriver": {
    135.             "Data": {
    136.                 "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6dddfccfb15dace43a872d1e3ff8826ddbf6e85a21069370284530793d41e55d/diff",
    137.                 "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b/merged",
    138.                 "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b/diff",
    139.                 "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b/work"
    140.             },
    141.             "Name": "overlay2"
    142.         },
    143.         "Mounts": [],
    144.         "Config": {
    145.             "Hostname": "2009e3dc9226",
    146.             "Domainname": "",
    147.             "User": "",
    148.             "AttachStdin": false,
    149.             "AttachStdout": false,
    150.             "AttachStderr": false,
    151.             "Tty": false,
    152.             "OpenStdin": false,
    153.             "StdinOnce": false,
    154.             "Env": [
    155.                 "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
    156.             ],
    157.             "Cmd": [
    158.                 "ping",
    159.                 "www.baidu.com"
    160.             ],
    161.             "Image": "centos",
    162.             "Volumes": null,
    163.             "WorkingDir": "",
    164.             "Entrypoint": null,
    165.             "OnBuild": null,
    166.             "Labels": {
    167.                 "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
    168.                 "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
    169.                 "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
    170.                 "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
    171.                 "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
    172.             }
    173.         },
    174.         "NetworkSettings": {
    175.             "Bridge": "",
    176.             "SandboxID": "9109beb39f3fe2709208bff3768eb5a033660a4cf175bea0fa93a312d9cb05a0",
    177.             "HairpinMode": false,
    178.             "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
    179.             "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    180.             "Ports": {},
    181.             "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9109beb39f3f",
    182.             "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
    183.             "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
    184.             "EndpointID": "15e3dda79356d6cc24fc38d49b62ab95af71b52f3c093c78eb3cd1979811ef0f",
    185.             "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
    186.             "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    187.             "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    188.             "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
    189.             "IPPrefixLen": 16,
    190.             "IPv6Gateway": "",
    191.             "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
    192.             "Networks": {
    193.                 "bridge": {
    194.                     "IPAMConfig": null,
    195.                     "Links": null,
    196.                     "Aliases": null,
    197.                     "NetworkID": "82f7a83705441cfaab812eda444fb7161c2397c3f02cd1a2dd630a7754b19197",
    198.                     "EndpointID": "15e3dda79356d6cc24fc38d49b62ab95af71b52f3c093c78eb3cd1979811ef0f",
    199.                     "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
    200.                     "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
    201.                     "IPPrefixLen": 16,
    202.                     "IPv6Gateway": "",
    203.                     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    204.                     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    205.                     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
    206.                     "DriverOpts": null
    207.                 }
    208.             }
    209.         }
    210.     }
    211. ]

    7、容器的端口映射

    1. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep 80
    2.  
    3. #-d后台运行容器，且起个名字，且端口映射宿主机的85端口，访问到容器内的80端口
    4. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d --name ShuJiNginx -p 85:80 nginx
    5. 0d2a29a139fa2328c0f39bc3894fb8668fdf276c169f5ce228d49bdd06fd54e8
    6.  
    7. 查看运行的容器
    8. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
    9. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
    10. 0d2a29a139fa   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   20 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds   0.0.0.0:85->80/tcp, :::85->80/tcp   ShuJiNginx
    11. ad8a2f80b607   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 hours ago      Up 6 hours      80/tcp                              busy_darwin
    12. 2009e3dc9226   centos    "ping www.baidu.com"      7 hours ago      Up 7 hours                                          wonderful_benz
    13.  
    14.  
    15. 查看容器的端口转发情况
    16. docker port 容器ID
    17. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker port 0d2a29a139fa 
    18. 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:85
    19. 80/tcp -> [::]:85
    20.  
    21. 随机端口映射，-P随机访问一个宿主机的空闲端口，映射到容器内打开的端口。
    22. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d --name shushu -P nginx
    23. 8fb7285f1191ca5c82e4d9f035c2fee0da1e00778a7342c2a83cf3d1cd7a74de
    24. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
    25. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
    26. 8fb7285f1191   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   13 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds   0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   shushu
    27. 0d2a29a139fa   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes   0.0.0.0:85->80/tcp, :::85->80/tcp         ShuJiNginx
    28. ad8a2f80b607   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 hours ago      Up 6 hours      80/tcp                                    busy_darwin
    29. 2009e3dc9226   centos    "ping www.baidu.com"      7 hours ago      Up 7 hours                                                wonderful_benz

    8、容器的提交：

    1. #运行基础的centos，在容器内安装vim,然后提交新的镜像;
    2. #新的镜像，再运行处的容器，默认就携带vim;
    3. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -it centos bash
    4.  
    5. 安装vim
    6. [root@0343a89f71fc yum.repos.d]# yum install vim -y
    7.  
    8. 提交镜像
    9. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker commit 0343a89f71fc shujidockerhuzhangao/jingxiangming 
    10. sha256:e2ce129f8ae8a5bebb3ebe36bc489f418ae3f6d75aeae8bc075f4f865fc1ab85
    11. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker images
    12. REPOSITORY                           TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
    13. shujidockerhuzhangao/jingxiangming   latest    e2ce129f8ae8   10 seconds ago   559MB
    14. <none>                               <none>    b57d813f9e5d   2 days ago       559MB
    15. nginx                                latest    f5a6b296b8a2   2 weeks ago      187MB
    16. centos                               latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago      231MB
    17.  
    18. #使用这个镜像
    19. [root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -it shujidockerhuzhangao/jingxiangming bash
    20. [root@bb3717503096 /]# vim shuji.txt
    21. [root@bb3717503096 /]# cat shuji.txt 
    22. shu ji yao jia you wa !!!!!
    23. [root@bb3717503096 /]#

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/ninety_two/article/details/133235571