• 单臂路由的配置实验

    目录

    实验原理

    案例

    设备配置

    数据抓包 

    实验原理

    路由器核心功能是分组转发和路由选择

    使用路由器互连VLAN的传统方法是：将路由器端口类型设置为 Access，将其接入交换机特定VLAN 的端口，这样该路由器端口就可以 接收该VLAN 的通信，将通信从连接其他VLAN的路由器端口转发出去。 但这种方法存在以下主要问题：

    •容易形成性能瓶颈。因为路由器转发分组的速率低于交换机转 发MAC帧的速率，容易在高速VLAN之间形成性能瓶颈。

    • 成本提高。由于路由器端口数量有限，为支持众多VLAN之间的互连，需要部署大量路由器，增加了成本和网络复杂性。

    为解决上述问题，可以使用Dot1q终结子接口技术，只需一个或几个路由器端口就可以实现众多VLAN之间的通信。若仅使用一个路由器端 口实现IP子网或VLAN之间的通信，称该路由器为单臂路由器。

    Dot1q:

    Dot1q终结（Dot1q Termination）是指在交换机或路由器收到带有IEEE 802.1Q VLAN标记的数据包时，会识别并移除该标记，然后对数据包进行转发。如果目的地位于同一VLAN中，则交换机或路由器将在出接口上添加相应的VLAN标记（若目的地址位于同一个VLAN中，则设备可能会保留原始的VLAN标记，并在出接口上继续携带该标记转发出去）。如果目的地不在同一个VLAN中，则交换机或路由器会根据其配置将数据包转发给正确的VLAN，在出接口上移除原始的VLAN标记，并添加适当的VLAN标记，以确保数据包按照正确的VLAN进行转发。

    对发送的报文，则在添加相应的VLAN标 记后再发送。

    子接口：

    子接口（Sub Interface）是通过协议和技术从一个物理接口 （Interface）划分出来的虚拟接口。相对子接口，物理接口被称为主接口。可以从一个物理接口划分出多个子接口。每个子接口在功能和作用上与物理接口没有任何区别。子接口共用主接口的物理层参数，又可以分别配置各自的链路层和网络层参数。用户可以禁用或者激活子接 口，而不会对主接口产生影响；但主接口状态的变化会对子接口产生影响，特别是只有主接口处于连通状态时，子接口才能正常工作。子接口 的出现打破了每个设备物理接口数量有限的局限。但Dot1q终结子接口 只能实现不同IP网段的VLAN间互通。

    案例

    设备配置

    以下图为例 

    PC的配置如下 

    配置LSW1 

    1. <Huawei>sys
    2. Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
    3. [Huawei]sysname LSW1
    4. [LSW1]vlan batch 10 30
    5. Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
    6. [LSW1]
    7. Sep 17 2023 09:01:14-08:00 LSW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
    8. 5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 5, the 
    9. change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
    10. [LSW1]undo info-center enable
    11. Info: Information center is disabled.
    12. [LSW1]port-group pvlan10
    13. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan10]group-member g0/0/9 to g0/0/12
    14. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan10]port link-type access
    15. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]port link-type access
    16. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type access
    17. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]port link-type access
    18. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/12]port link-type access
    19. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan10]port default vlan 10
    20. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]port default vlan 10
    21. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port default vlan 10
    22. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]port default vlan 10
    23. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/12]port default vlan 10
    24. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan10]qu
    25. [LSW1]port-group pvlan30
    26. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan30]group-member g0/0/13 to g0/0/16
    27. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan30]port link-type access
    28. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port link-type access
    29. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]port link-type access
    30. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/15]port link-type access
    31. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/16]port link-type access
    32. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan30]port default vlan 30
    33. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port default vlan 30
    34. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]port default vlan 30
    35. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/15]port default vlan 30
    36. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/16]port default vlan 30
    37. [LSW1-port-group-pvlan30]qu
    38. [LSW1]interface g0/0/24
    39. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk
    40. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 30
    41. [LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]qu
    42. [LSW1]display vlan
    43. The total number of vlans is : 3
    44. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    45. U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
    46. MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
    47. #: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
    48. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    49.  
    50. VID  Type    Ports                                                          
    51. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    52. 1    common  UT:GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)      GE0/0/3(D)      GE0/0/4(D)      
    53.                 GE0/0/5(D)      GE0/0/6(D)      GE0/0/7(D)      GE0/0/8(D)      
    54.                 GE0/0/17(D)     GE0/0/18(D)     GE0/0/19(D)     GE0/0/20(D)     
    55.                 GE0/0/21(D)     GE0/0/22(D)     GE0/0/23(D)     GE0/0/24(U)     
    56.  
    57. 10   common  UT:GE0/0/9(U)      GE0/0/10(D)     GE0/0/11(D)     GE0/0/12(D)     
    58.  
    59.              TG:GE0/0/24(U)                                                     
    60.  
    61. 30   common  UT:GE0/0/13(U)     GE0/0/14(D)     GE0/0/15(D)     GE0/0/16(D)     
    62.  
    63.              TG:GE0/0/24(U)                                                     
    64.  
    65.  
    66. VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
    67. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    68.  
    69. 1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
    70. 10   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0010                         
    71. 30   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0030

    配置LSW2的过程与LSW1相同

    1. <Huawei>sys
    2. Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
    3. [Huawei]sysname LSW2
    4. [LSW2]VL
    5. Sep 17 2023 09:10:36-08:00 LSW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
    6. 5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the 
    7. change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095
    8.       ^
    9. Error:Ambiguous command found at '^' position.
    10. [LSW2]
    11. [LSW2]undo info-center enable
    12. Info: Information center is disabled.
    13. [LSW2]vlan batch 10 30
    14. Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
    15. [LSW2]port-group pvlan10
    16. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan10]group-member g0/0/9 to g0/0/12
    17. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan10]port link-type access
    18. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]port link-type access
    19. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type access
    20. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]port link-type access
    21. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12]port link-type access
    22. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan10]port default vlan 10
    23. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]port default vlan 10
    24. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port default vlan 10
    25. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]port default vlan 10
    26. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12]port default vlan 10
    27. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan10]qu
    28. [LSW2]port-group pvlan30
    29. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan30]group-member g0/0/13 to g0/0/16
    30. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan30]port link-type access
    31. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port link-type access
    32. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]port link-type access
    33. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/15]port link-type access
    34. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/16]port link-type access
    35. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan30]port default vlan 30
    36. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port default vlan 30
    37. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]port default vlan 30
    38. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/15]port default vlan 30
    39. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/16]port default vlan 30
    40. [LSW2-port-group-pvlan30]qu
    41. [LSW2]int g0/0/24
    42. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk
    43. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 30
    44. [LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]qu
    45. [LSW2]display vlan
    46. The total number of vlans is : 3
    47. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    48. U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
    49. MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
    50. #: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
    51. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    52.  
    53. VID  Type    Ports                                                          
    54. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    55. 1    common  UT:GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)      GE0/0/3(D)      GE0/0/4(D)      
    56.                 GE0/0/5(D)      GE0/0/6(D)      GE0/0/7(D)      GE0/0/8(D)      
    57.                 GE0/0/17(D)     GE0/0/18(D)     GE0/0/19(D)     GE0/0/20(D)     
    58.                 GE0/0/21(D)     GE0/0/22(D)     GE0/0/23(D)     GE0/0/24(U)     
    59.  
    60. 10   common  UT:GE0/0/9(U)      GE0/0/10(D)     GE0/0/11(D)     GE0/0/12(D)     
    61.  
    62.              TG:GE0/0/24(U)                                                     
    63.  
    64. 30   common  UT:GE0/0/13(U)     GE0/0/14(D)     GE0/0/15(D)     GE0/0/16(D)     
    65.  
    66.              TG:GE0/0/24(U)                                                     
    67.  
    68.  
    69. VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
    70. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    71.  
    72. 1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
    73. 10   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0010                         
    74. 30   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0030                         
    75. [LSW2]

     配置LSW3

    1. <Huawei>sys
    2. Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
    3. [Huawei]sysname LSW3
    4. [LSW3]
    5. Sep 17 2023 09:16:11-08:00 LSW3 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
    6. 5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the 
    7. change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
    8. [LSW3]undo info-center enable
    9. Info: Information center is disabled.
    10. [LSW3]vlan batch 10 30
    11. Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
    12. [LSW3]int g0/0/2
    13. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
    14. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 30
    15. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]qu
    16. [LSW3]int g0/0/23
    17. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port link-type trunk
    18. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 30
    19. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]qu
    20. [LSW3]int g0/0/24
    21. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk
    22. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 30
    23. [LSW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]qu
    24. [LSW3]display vlan
    25. The total number of vlans is : 3
    26. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    27. U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
    28. MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
    29. #: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
    30. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    31.  
    32. VID  Type    Ports                                                          
    33. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    34. 1    common  UT:GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(U)      GE0/0/3(D)      GE0/0/4(D)      
    35.                 GE0/0/5(D)      GE0/0/6(D)      GE0/0/7(D)      GE0/0/8(D)      
    36.                 GE0/0/9(D)      GE0/0/10(D)     GE0/0/11(D)     GE0/0/12(D)     
    37.                 GE0/0/13(D)     GE0/0/14(D)     GE0/0/15(D)     GE0/0/16(D)     
    38.                 GE0/0/17(D)     GE0/0/18(D)     GE0/0/19(D)     GE0/0/20(D)     
    39.                 GE0/0/21(D)     GE0/0/22(D)     GE0/0/23(U)     GE0/0/24(U)     
    40.  
    41. 10   common  TG:GE0/0/2(U)      GE0/0/23(U)     GE0/0/24(U)                     
    42.  
    43. 30   common  TG:GE0/0/2(U)      GE0/0/23(U)     GE0/0/24(U)                     
    44.  
    45.  
    46. VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
    47. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    48.  
    49. 1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
    50. 10   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0010                         
    51. 30   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0030                         
    52. [LSW3]

    将PC-10-1与PC-10-2和PC-30-2通信：

    1. PC>ping 192.168.10.12
    2.  
    3. Ping 192.168.10.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    4. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    5. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    6. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    7. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=94 ms
    8. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    9.  
    10. --- 192.168.10.12 ping statistics ---
    11.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    12.   5 packet(s) received
    13.   0.00% packet loss
    14.   round-trip min/avg/max = 78/81/94 ms
    15.  
    16. PC>ping 192.168.30.12
    17.  
    18. Ping 192.168.30.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    19. From 192.168.10.11: Destination host unreachable
    20. From 192.168.10.11: Destination host unreachable
    21. From 192.168.10.11: Destination host unreachable
    22. From 192.168.10.11: Destination host unreachable
    23. From 192.168.10.11: Destination host unreachable
    24.  
    25. --- 192.168.10.254 ping statistics ---
    26.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    27.   0 packet(s) received
    28.   100.00% packet loss

     将PC-30-1与PC-10-2和PC-30-2通信：

    1. PC>ping 192.168.30.12
    2.  
    3. Ping 192.168.30.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    4. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    5. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    6. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=94 ms
    7. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    8. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=109 ms
    9.  
    10. --- 192.168.30.12 ping statistics ---
    11.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    12.   5 packet(s) received
    13.   0.00% packet loss
    14.   round-trip min/avg/max = 78/87/109 ms
    15.  
    16. PC>ping 192.168.10.12
    17.  
    18. Ping 192.168.10.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    19. From 192.168.30.11: Destination host unreachable
    20. From 192.168.30.11: Destination host unreachable
    21. From 192.168.30.11: Destination host unreachable
    22. From 192.168.30.11: Destination host unreachable
    23. From 192.168.30.11: Destination host unreachable
    24.  
    25. --- 192.168.30.254 ping statistics ---
    26.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    27.   0 packet(s) received
    28.   100.00% packet loss

     可以看到，不同vlan之间是不能相互通信的，现在来实现单臂路由 

    1. <Huawei>sys
    2. Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
    3. [Huawei]sysname RTA
    4. #创建子接口g0/0/2.10并进入子接口视图
    5. [RTA]interface g0/0/2.10
    6. #终结子接口
    7. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10]dot1q termination vid 10
    8. #为子接口分配IP地址
    9. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10]ip address 192.168.10.1 24
    10.  
    11. Sep 17 2023 09:43:02-08:00 RTA %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
    12.  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10 has entered the UP state. 
    13. #终结子接口默认直接丢弃广播报文，因此需要配置子接口允许其发送ARP请求和转发ARP广播报文。
    14. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10]arp broadcast enable
    15. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10]qu
    16. #创建子接口g0/0/2.30并进入子接口视图
    17. [RTA]interface g0/0/2.30
    18. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30]dot1q termination vid 30
    19. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30]ip address 192.168.30.1 24
    20. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30]
    21. Sep 17 2023 09:44:18-08:00 RTA %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
    22.  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30 has entered the UP state. 
    23. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30]arp broadcast enable
    24. [RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30]qu
    25. #查看所有端口的状态
    26. [RTA]display interface brief
    27. PHY: Physical
    28. *down: administratively down
    29. (l): loopback
    30. (s): spoofing
    31. (b): BFD down
    32. ^down: standby
    33. (e): ETHOAM down
    34. (d): Dampening Suppressed
    35. InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility
    36. Interface                   PHY   Protocol InUti OutUti   inErrors  outErrors
    37. GigabitEthernet0/0/0        down  down        0%     0%          0          0
    38. GigabitEthernet0/0/1        down  down        0%     0%          0          0
    39. GigabitEthernet0/0/2        up    down        0%     0%          0          0
    40. GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10     up    up          0%     0%          0          0
    41. GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30     up    up          0%     0%          0          0
    42. NULL0                       up    up(s)       0%     0%          0          0
    43. #查看所有端口的ip信息
    44. [RTA]display ip interface brief
    45. *down: administratively down
    46. ^down: standby
    47. (l): loopback
    48. (s): spoofing
    49. The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
    50. The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
    51. The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
    52. The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3
    53.  
    54. Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
    55. GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           down       down      
    56. GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
    57. GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           up         down      
    58. GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10           192.168.10.1/24      up         up        
    59. GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30           192.168.30.1/24      up         up        
    60. NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
    61. #查看子接口IP配置
    62. [RTA]display IP interface g0/0/2.10
    63. GigabitEthernet0/0/2.10 current state : UP 
    64. Line protocol current state : UP
    65. The Maximum Transmit Unit : 1500 bytes
    66. input packets : 0, bytes : 0, multicasts : 0
    67. output packets : 0, bytes : 0, multicasts : 0
    68. Directed-broadcast packets:
    69.  received packets:            0, sent packets:            0 
    70.  forwarded packets:           0, dropped packets:           0 
    71. ARP packet input number:           0
    72.   Request packet:                  0
    73.   Reply packet:                    0
    74.   Unknown packet:                  0
    75. Internet Address is 192.168.10.1/24 
    76. Broadcast address : 192.168.10.255
    77. TTL being 1 packet number:         0
    78. TTL invalid packet number:         0
    79. ICMP packet input number:          0
    80.   Echo reply:                      0
    81.   Unreachable:                     0
    82.   Source quench:                   0
    83.   Routing redirect:                0
    84.   Echo request:                    0
    85.   Router advert:                   0
    86.   Router solicit:                  0
    87.  
    88. [RTA]display IP interface g0/0/2.30
    89. GigabitEthernet0/0/2.30 current state : UP 
    90. Line protocol current state : UP
    91. The Maximum Transmit Unit : 1500 bytes
    92. input packets : 0, bytes : 0, multicasts : 0
    93. output packets : 0, bytes : 0, multicasts : 0
    94. Directed-broadcast packets:
    95.  received packets:            0, sent packets:            0 
    96.  forwarded packets:           0, dropped packets:           0 
    97. ARP packet input number:           0
    98.   Request packet:                  0
    99.   Reply packet:                    0
    100.   Unknown packet:                  0
    101. Internet Address is 192.168.30.1/24 
    102. Broadcast address : 192.168.30.255
    103. TTL being 1 packet number:         0
    104. TTL invalid packet number:         0
    105. ICMP packet input number:          0
    106.   Echo reply:                      0
    107.   Unreachable:                     0
    108.   Source quench:                   0
    109.   Routing redirect:                0
    110.   Echo request:                    0
    111.   Router advert:                   0
    112.   Router solicit:                  0
    113. #查看交换机IP路由表
    114. [RTA]display IP routing-table
    115. Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
    116. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    117. Routing Tables: Public
    118.          Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       
    119.  
    120. Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
    121.  
    122.       127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    123.       127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    124. 127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    125.    192.168.10.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.10.1    GigabitEthernet
    126. 0/0/2.10
    127.    192.168.10.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
    128. 0/0/2.10
    129.  192.168.10.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
    130. 0/0/2.10
    131.    192.168.30.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.30.1    GigabitEthernet
    132. 0/0/2.30
    133.    192.168.30.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
    134. 0/0/2.30
    135.  192.168.30.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
    136. 0/0/2.30
    137. 255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    现在的拓扑图，如下图所示 

    • 交换机连接主机的端口为access链路
    • 交换机连接路由器的端口为Trunk链路

    不同vlan中的PC再ping一次，发现不同vlan中的主机能够互相通信了  

    在PC-10-1中ping

    1.  
    2. PC>ping 192.168.10.12
    3.  
    4. Ping 192.168.10.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    5. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    6. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=62 ms
    7. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    8. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=78 ms
    9. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=79 ms
    10.  
    11. --- 192.168.10.12 ping statistics ---
    12.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    13.   5 packet(s) received
    14.   0.00% packet loss
    15.   round-trip min/avg/max = 62/75/79 ms
    16.  
    17. PC>ping 192.168.30.12
    18.  
    19. Ping 192.168.30.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    20. Request timeout!
    21. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=127 time=109 ms
    22. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=127 time=125 ms
    23. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=127 time=141 ms
    24. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=127 time=125 ms
    25.  
    26. --- 192.168.30.12 ping statistics ---
    27.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    28.   4 packet(s) received
    29.   20.00% packet loss
    30.   round-trip min/avg/max = 0/125/141 ms
    31.  
    32. PC>tracert 192.168.30.12
    33.  
    34. traceroute to 192.168.30.12, 8 hops max
    35. (ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
    36.  1  192.168.10.1   62 ms  63 ms  78 ms
    37.  2  192.168.30.12   125 ms  125 ms  125 ms

    在PC-30-1中ping 

    1.  
    2. PC>ping 192.168.30.12
    3.  
    4. Ping 192.168.30.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    5. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=62 ms
    6. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=63 ms
    7. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=93 ms
    8. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=63 ms
    9. From 192.168.30.12: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=110 ms
    10.  
    11. --- 192.168.30.12 ping statistics ---
    12.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    13.   5 packet(s) received
    14.   0.00% packet loss
    15.   round-trip min/avg/max = 62/78/110 ms
    16.  
    17. PC>ping 192.168.10.12
    18.  
    19. Ping 192.168.10.12: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
    20. Request timeout!
    21. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=127 time=110 ms
    22. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=127 time=125 ms
    23. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=127 time=109 ms
    24. From 192.168.10.12: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=127 time=125 ms
    25.  
    26. --- 192.168.10.12 ping statistics ---
    27.   5 packet(s) transmitted
    28.   4 packet(s) received
    29.   20.00% packet loss
    30.   round-trip min/avg/max = 0/117/125 ms
    31.  
    32. PC>tracert 192.168.10.12
    33.  
    34. traceroute to 192.168.10.12, 8 hops max
    35. (ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
    36.  1  192.168.30.1   47 ms  62 ms  63 ms
    37.  2  192.168.10.12   109 ms  125 ms  141 ms
    数据抓包 

    在PC-10-1中ping PC-30-2,即ping 192.168.30.12 -t,在LSW3的g0/0/2端口抓包

    可以看到以太网帧是带标记的，且是不同vlan间的通信

    如果你的wireshark没有显示帧标记，可以按照以下步骤添加 

    编辑---->首选项 

    添加802.1Q VLAN id 

     在PC-10-1中ping PC-30-2,即ping 192.168.30.12 -t,在LSW3的g0/0/24端口抓包,结果如下

    是相同vlan（vlan10）之间的通信

    在PC-10-1中ping PC-30-2,即ping 192.168.30.12 -t,在LSW1的g0/0/9端口抓包,结果如下

    可以看到是不带标签的

    大家在案例实践中，可以多用一些命令，例如tracert，ping来查看通信状态，也需要多抓包，能看到更加详细的信息！之后有时间会整理一些干货，如有错误，请佬们赐教！！💖💖💖💖

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_69884785/article/details/132938973