vue中自定义指令的使用场景及示例

 节流指令：

// 1.设置v-throttle自定义指令
Vue.directive('throttle', {
  bind: (el, binding) => {
    let throttleTime = binding.value; // 防抖时间
    if (!throttleTime) { // 用户若不设置防抖时间，则默认2s
      throttleTime = 2000;
    }
    let cbFun;
    el.addEventListener('click', event => {
      if (!cbFun) { // 第一次执行
        cbFun = setTimeout(() => {
          cbFun = null;
        }, throttleTime);
      } else {
        event && event.stopImmediatePropagation();
      }
    }, true);
  },
});
// 2.为button标签设置v-throttle自定义指令
<button @click="sayHello" v-throttle>提交button>

图片懒加载：

const LazyLoad = {
    // install方法
    install(Vue,options){
    	  // 代替图片的loading图
        let defaultSrc = options.default;
        Vue.directive('lazy',{
            bind(el,binding){
                LazyLoad.init(el,binding.value,defaultSrc);
            },
            inserted(el){
                // 兼容处理
                if('IntersectionObserver' in window){
                    LazyLoad.observe(el);
                }else{
                    LazyLoad.listenerScroll(el);
                }
                
            },
        })
    },
    // 初始化
    init(el,val,def){
        // data-src 储存真实src
        el.setAttribute('data-src',val);
        // 设置src为loading图
        el.setAttribute('src',def);
    },
    // 利用IntersectionObserver监听el
    observe(el){
        let io = new IntersectionObserver(entries => {
            let realSrc = el.dataset.src;
            if(entries[0].isIntersecting){
                if(realSrc){
                    el.src = realSrc;
                    el.removeAttribute('data-src');
                }
            }
        });
        io.observe(el);
    },
    // 监听scroll事件
    listenerScroll(el){
        let handler = LazyLoad.throttle(LazyLoad.load,300);
        LazyLoad.load(el);
        window.addEventListener('scroll',() => {
            handler(el);
        });
    },
    // 加载真实图片
    load(el){
        let windowHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight
        let elTop = el.getBoundingClientRect().top;
        let elBtm = el.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
        let realSrc = el.dataset.src;
        if(elTop - windowHeight<0&&elBtm > 0){
            if(realSrc){
                el.src = realSrc;
                el.removeAttribute('data-src');
            }
        }
    },
    // 节流
    throttle(fn,delay){
        let timer; 
        let prevTime;
        return function(...args){
            let currTime = Date.now();
            let context = this;
            if(!prevTime) prevTime = currTime;
            clearTimeout(timer);
            
            if(currTime - prevTime > delay){
                prevTime = currTime;
                fn.apply(context,args);
                clearTimeout(timer);
                return;
            }
 
            timer = setTimeout(function(){
                prevTime = Date.now();
                timer = null;
                fn.apply(context,args);
            },delay);
        }
    }
 
}
export default LazyLoad;

关于自定义组件还有很多应用场景，如：拖拽指令、页面水印、权限校验等等应用场景