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【web开发】7、Django（2）
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一、部门列表
1.在models.py下
class Department(models.Model): """部门表""" title =models.CharField(verbose_name="标题",max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.title- 1
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2.在views文件下
def …(request):return(request,’…html’)def depart_list(request): """部门类""" # 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表 queryset = models.Department.objects.all() return render(request, 'depart_list.html', queryset )- 1
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3.depart_list.html文件下
{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block content %} <div class="container"> <div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 20px;"> <div class="panel-heading"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span> 批量上传 div> <div class="panel-body"> <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/depart/multi/"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <input type="file" name="exc"> div> <input type="submit" value="上传" class="btn btn-info btn-sm"> form> div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">div> <div class="panel-heading"> <a class="btn btn-success btn-xs " href="/depart/add/"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus" aria-hidden="true">span> 新建部门 a> div> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>idth> <th>名称th> <th>操作th> tr> thead> <tbody> {% for obj in queryset %} <tr> <th scope="row">{{ obj.id }}th> <td>{{ obj.title }}td> <td> <a href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs ">编辑a> <a href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs ">删除a> td> tr> {% endfor %} tbody> table> div> div> {% endblock %}- 1
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二、部门管理（增删改）
注意：两个html文件中都需要{% load static %}
添加部门
1)在urls.py下创建path(‘depart/add/’, views.depart_add),
2)在views.py下创建def depart_add(request)def depart_add(request): """添加部门""" if request.method == 'GET': return render(request, 'depart_add.html') # 获取用户POST提交过来的数据 title = request.POST.get("title") # 保存到数据库 models.Department.objects.create(title=title) # 重定向部门列表 return redirect("/depart/list/")- 1
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3)templates目录下创建depart_add.html
{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block content %} <div class="container"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading">新建部门div> <div class="panel-body"> <form class="form-horizontal" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">标题label> <div class="col-sm-10"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/> div> div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button> div> div> form> div> div> div> {% endblock %}- 1
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4)在depart_list.html文件下新建部门处链接到depart/add/地址
删除部门
1)在urls.py下创建path(‘depart/delete/’, views.depart_delete),
2)在views.py下创建def depart_delete(request)
删除： href=“/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}”def depart_delete(request): """删除部门""" # 获取id nid = request.GET.get('nid') # 删除 models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() # 跳转（重定向回部门列表） return redirect("/depart/list/")- 1
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3)在depart_list.html文件下的删除按钮内
<a href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs ">删除a>- 1
编辑部门
1)在urls.py下创建path(‘depart/< int:nid >/edit/’, views.depart_edit),
http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/int/edit/
编辑： href=“/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/”path('depart/- 1
2)在views.py下创建def depart_edit(request,nid)
def depart_edit(request, nid): """编辑部门""" if request.method == "GET": # 根据id获取编辑的数据 row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first() print(row_object.id, row_object.title) # 重定向到编辑页面 return render(request, "depart_edit.html", {"row_object": row_object}) # 用户提交的标题 title = request.POST.get("title") # 根据id在数据库中进行更新 models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title) # 跳转（重定向回部门列表） return redirect("/depart/list/")- 1
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3)vaule表示默认值，在depart_list.html文件下的编辑按钮内
value=“{{ row_object.title }}”{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block content %} <div class="container"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading">修改部门div> <div class="panel-body"> <form class="form-horizontal" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">标题label> <div class="col-sm-10"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title" value="{{ row_object.title }}"/> div> div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button> div> div> form> div> div> div> {% endblock %}- 1
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三、用户管理过渡到modelform组件
获取数据
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,creat_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘乐","1e4q",42,3321.02,"2010-03-11",2,11);- 1
在models.py文件下
class UserInfo(models.Model): """员工表""" name =models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名",max_length=32) password =models.CharField(verbose_name="密码",max_length=32) age =models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄") account =models.DecimalField(verbose_name="余额",max_digits=10,decimal_places=2,default=0) creat_time =models.DateField(verbose_name="入职时间") # 有约束 on_delete=models.CASCADE级联删除 depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属部门",to="Department",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 链接部分被删除时置空 # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department",to_field="id",null=True,blank=True,on_delete=models.SET_NULL) # 在django中做的约束 gender_choices=( (1,"男"), (2,"女"), ) gender =models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别",choices=gender_choices)- 1
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在user_list.html文件下
"""注意：return render(request,"user_list.html", {"queryset": queryset})（双引号、花括号、冒号）""" <th>{{ obj.id }}th> <td>{{ obj.name }}td> <td>{{ obj.password }}td> <td>{{ obj.age }}td> <td>{{ obj.account }}td> <td>{{ obj.creat_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}td>#日期的读取 <td>{{ obj.get_gender_display }}td>#性别 <td>{{ obj.depart.title }}td> #关联其他表的读取- 1
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在没有利用Django组件：ModelForm组件下
添加用户
def user_add(request): if request.method == "GET": context = { 'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices, 'depart_list': models.Department.objects.all() } return render(request, "user_add.html", context) name = request.POST.get("name") password = request.POST.get("password") age = request.POST.get("age") account = request.POST.get("account") # from django.utils import timezone # creat_time = timezone.now() creat_time = request.POST.get("creat_time") gender = request.POST.get("gender") depart_id = request.POST.get("depart_id") models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=name, password=password, age=age, account=account, creat_time=creat_time, gender=gender, depart_id=depart_id) return redirect("/user/list/")- 1
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利用Django组件：ModelForm组件
在views.py文件下class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): # name = forms.CharField(min_length=3, label="用户名") class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age", "account", "creat_time", "gender", "depart"] # widgets = { # "name":forms.TextInput(attrs={"class":"col-sm-2 control-label"}) # } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环找到所有的插件，添加了"class":"form-control"得样式 for name, field in self.fields.items(): print(name, field) field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label}- 1
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添加用户
GET下：form = UserModelForm()
POST下：form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)from django import forms def use_model_form_add(request): """添加用户""" if request.method == "GET": form = UserModelForm() return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form}) # 用户提交的数据进行校验，如果合法再保存到数据库 form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): # print(form.cleaned_data) form.save() return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})- 1
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html文件中：
< span style=“color: red”>{{ field.errors.0 }}为提示错误信息
将英文提示改为中文提示信息时需要将settings.py文件中改为
LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans’#settings.py # LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'- 1
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#html <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <label>{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <span style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span> {# #} </div>- 1
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"编辑用户
GET下：form = UserModelForm(instance=row_object)
POST下：form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object)#views.py from django import forms def user_edit(request, nid): """编辑用户""" # 根据id去数据库获取要编辑的那一行数据 row_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if request.method == "GET": # instance=row_object表示将数据库中获取的那行的每一个值都显示在页面上 form = UserModelForm(instance=row_object) return render(request, 'use_edit.html', {"form": form}) form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect('/user/list') return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {"form": form})- 1
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删除用户
def user_delete(request, nid): """删除用户""" models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() return redirect('/user/list/')- 1
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四、modelform实例：靓号操作
#urls.py #- 1
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首先在models.py文件下定义PrettyNum这个类，同时用djando命令生成数据库表（python manage.py makemigrations；python manage.py migrate）数据库下才有app01_prettynum这个数据表
#models.py class PrettyNum(models.Model): """靓号表""" mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="电话", max_length=11) price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="单价",default=0) level_choices = ( (1, "1级"), (2, "2级"), (3, "3级"), (4, "4级"), ) level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices,default=1) status_choices = ( (1, "已占用"), (2, "未占用"), ) status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices= status_choices,default=2)- 1
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添加靓号
#ModelForm类 from django import forms from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class PrettyModelForm(forms.ModelForm): # 验证：方法1 mobile = forms.CharField( label="手机号", # validators=[RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$','数字必须以159开头')], validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', '手机号格式错误')], ) class Meta: model = models.PrettyNum # fields = ['mobiles','price','level','status'] 一一列举 # exclude = ['level'] 排除 fields = "__all__" def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环找到所有的插件，添加了"class":"form-control"得样式 for name, field in self.fields.items(): print(name, field) field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label} # # # 验证：方法2（钩子方法，对用户数据进行验证） # def clean_mobile(self): # txt_mobile = self.cleaned_data["mobile"] # if len(txt_mobile) !=11: # raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误") # return txt_mobile- 1
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#views.py def pretty_add(request): if request.method == 'GET': form = PrettyModelForm() return render(request, 'pretty_add.html', {"form": form}) row_object = models.PrettyNum.objects.create() form = PrettyModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect('/pretty/list') return render(request, 'pretty_add.html', {"form": form})- 1
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编辑靓号
views.py文件下重新定义PrettyEditModelForm
其中mobile = forms.CharField(disabled=True,label=“手机号”)表示在编辑时“手机号”显示但不可更改#ModelForm类 from django import forms class PrettyEditModelForm(forms.ModelForm): mobile = forms.CharField(disabled=True,label="手机号") class Meta: model = models.PrettyNum # fields = ['mobiles','price','level','status'] 一一列举 # exclude = ['level'] 排除 fields = "__all__" def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环找到所有的插件，添加了"class":"form-control"得样式 for name, field in self.fields.items(): print(name, field) field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label} """确保编辑的手机号在原数据中没有重复。编辑对象的id：self.instance.pk""" def clean_mobile(self): #print(self.instance.pk) txt_mobile = self.cleaned_data["mobile"] exists=models.PrettyNum.objects.exclude(id=self.instance.pk).filter(mobile=txt_mobile).exists() if exists: raise ValidationError("手机号已存在") #if len(txt_mobile) !=11: #raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误") return txt_mobile- 1
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#views.py def pretty_edit(request, nid): row_object = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if request.method == 'GET': form = PrettyEditModelForm(instance=row_object) return render(request, 'pretty_edit.html', {"form": form}) form = PrettyEditModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect('/pretty/list') return render(request, 'pretty_edit.html', {"form": form})- 1
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删除靓号
def pretty_delete(request, nid): models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() return redirect('/pretty/list/')- 1
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搜索靓号
get方式传参？q=
pretty_list.html页面添加一个搜索框：name=“q”,submit提交<div class="col-lg-3 clearfix" style="float: right;display: block"> <form method="get"> <div class="input-group"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in" aria-hidden="true">span> button> span> <input type="text" name='q' class="form-control" placeholder="Search for..." value="{{ search_data }}"> div> form>- 1
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在靓号列表views.py中添加
data_dict = {}
search_data = request.GET.get(‘q’, “”)
if search_data:
data_dict[“mobile__contains”] = search_data
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict).order_by(“-level”)靓号列表
def pretty_list(request): data_dict = {} search_data = request.GET.get('q', "") if search_data: data_dict["mobile__contains"] = search_data queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict).order_by("-level") page_object = Pagination(request, queryset) # 分页 context = { "queryset": page_object.page_queryset, "search_data": search_data, # 分完页的数据 "page_string": page_object.html() # 页码 } return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)- 1
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models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1612313223",id=7) data_lict ={"mobile":"168324145","id":7} models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_lict) models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains=”1999”) #对于数字类型： #filter(id=12) #等于12 #filter(id__gt=12) #大于12 #filter(id__gte=12) #大于等于12 #filter(id__lt=12) #小于12 #filter(id__lte=12) #小于等于12 #filter(id=12) #对于字符串类型： #filter(mobile=”1999”) #filter(mobile__startswith=”1999”) #筛选1999开头 #filter(mobile__endswith=”1999”) #filter(mobile__contains=”1999”)- 1
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五、自定义分页组件
4.分页组件的创建
在appo01目录下创建utils目录，并创建pagination.py文件""" 自定义分页组件 """ from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe class Pagination(object): def __init__(self,request,queryset,page_size=10,page_param="page",plus=5): """ :param request: 请求对象 :param queryset: 符合条件的数据 :param page_size: 每页显示多少条数据 :param page_param: 在URL中传递的获取分页的参数 例如/pretty/list/?page=4 :param plus:显示当前页的前或后几页（页码） """ import copy query_dict = copy.deepcopy(request.GET) query_dict._mutable = True self.query_dict = query_dict page = request.GET.get(page_param, "1") if page.isdecimal(): page=int(page) else: page=1 self.page =page self.page_size=page_size self.page_param=page_param self.start = (page - 1) * page_size self.end = page * page_size self.page_queryset = queryset[self.start:self.end] total_count = queryset.count() total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, page_size) if div: total_page_count += 1 self.total_page_count =total_page_count self.plus=plus def html(self): # 计算出显示当前页的的前五页后五页 # 数据较少，显示全部页码 if self.total_page_count <= 2 * self.plus + 1: start_page = 1 end_page = self.total_page_count else: # 数据较多 # 当前页<5 if self.page <= self.plus: start_page = 1 end_page = 2 * self.plus + 1 else: # 当前页>5 # 当前页+5>总页面 if (self.page + self.plus) > self.total_page_count: start_page = self.total_page_count - 2 * self.plus end_page = self.total_page_count else: start_page = self.page - self.plus end_page = self.page + self.plus # 页码 page_str_list = [] self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param,[1]) first = '<li><a href="?{}">首页a>li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()) page_str_list.append(first) # 上一页 if self.page > 1: self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param,[self.page-1]) prev = '<li><a href="?{}">《a>li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()) else: prev = '<li><a href="?{}">《a>li>'.format(1) page_str_list.append(prev) for i in range(start_page, end_page + 1): self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param,[i]) if i == self.page: ele = '<li class="active"><a href="?{}">{}a>li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i) else: ele = '<li><a href="?{}">{}a>li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i) page_str_list.append(ele) if self.page >= self.total_page_count: self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param,[self.page+1]) next = '<li><a href="?{}">》a>li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()) else: self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param,[self.total_page_count]) next = '<li><a href="?{}">》a>li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()) page_str_list.append(next) # 尾页 self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param,[self.total_page_count]) end = '<li><a href="?{}">尾页a>li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()) page_str_list.append(end) search_string = """ <li > <form method="get" style="float: left"> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="page" placeholder="页码" style="width: 80px;position: relative;float: left;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">跳转button> form> li> """ page_str_list.append(search_string) page_string = mark_safe("".join(page_str_list)) return page_string- 1
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注意：
"""如果以后想要使用这个分页组件，你需要做如下几件事： 在视图函数views.py函数中： def pretty_list(request): #1.根据所需筛选数据 queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all() #2.实例化分页对象 page_object = Pagination(request,queryset,page_size=2) context ={ "queryset": page_object.page_queryset, #分完页的数据 "page_string": page_object.html() #生成页码 } return render(request, 'pretty_list.html',context) 在html页面中 <ul class="pagination"> {{ page_string }} ul> """- 1
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靓号列表（pretty_list）
views.py文件如上,需要提前导入：
from app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
pretty_list.html文件{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block content %} <div class="container"> <div class="panel panel-default" > <div class="panel-heading" > <a class="btn btn-success btn-xs " href="/pretty/add/"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus" aria-hidden="true">span> 添加靓号 a> <div class="col-lg-3" style="float: right;display: block;padding-bottom: 5px"> <form method="get"> <div class="input-group"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in" aria-hidden="true">span> button> span> <input type="text"name='q' class="form-control" placeholder="Search for..." value="{{ search_data }}"> div> form> div> div> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>idth> <th>电话号th> <th>单价th> <th>级别th> <th>状态th> <th>操作th> tr> thead> <tbody> {% for obj in queryset %} <tr> <th scope="row">{{ obj.id }}th> <td>{{ obj.mobile }}td> <td>{{ obj.price }}td> <td>{{ obj.get_level_display }}td> <td>{{ obj.get_status_display }}td> <td> <a href="/pretty/{{ obj.id }}/edit/" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs ">编辑a> <a href="/pretty/{{ obj.id }}/delete/" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs ">删除a> td> tr> {% endfor %} tbody> table> div> <div> <nav> <ul class="pagination"> {{ page_string }} ul> nav> div> div> {% endblock %}- 1
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六、datepick时间插件的使用
在layout.html模板文件中引入datepick的js、css
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-datepicker@1.10.0/dist/js/bootstrap-datepicker.min.js">script>- 1
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-datepicker@1.10.0/dist/js/bootstrap-datepicker.min.js">script>- 1
1.直接在字段中添加 id=“dt”
<script> $(function (){ $('#dt').datepicker({ format:"yyyy-mm-dd", startDate:'0', language:"zh-CN.js:6", autoclose:true }); }) script>- 1
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2.基于ModelForm
#id_字段名：id_creat_time
<script> $(function (){ $('#id_creat_time').datepicker({ format:"yyyy-mm-dd", startDate:'0', language:"zh-CN.js:6", autoclose:true }); }) script>- 1
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七、自定义有Bootstrap样式的ModelForm
在appo01目录下创建utils目录，并创建bootstrap.py文件
from django import forms class BootstrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm): bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img'] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环找到所有的插件，添加了"class":"form-control"得样式 for name, field in self.fields.items(): if name in self.bootstrap_exclude_fields: continue # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加 if field.widget.attrs: # 有则添加字典值 field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control" field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label else: field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label }- 1
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继承BootstrapModelForm，并定义class Meta
class UserEditModelForm(BootstrapModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age"]- 1
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注意：需要提前引用
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootstrapModelForm- 1
-
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46644680/article/details/132827978