• Qt串口基本设置与协议收发

    2023.10.23更新

    2023.9.18更新

    增加了一个PID调参的模块

    PID算法之前在验证电机时是可用的

    由于我没有实物可演示PID，所以写了个虚拟的PID，故调参效果看起来怪怪的

    不过重点不在PID调参，而是命令的下发与接收

    其他方面跟之前更新的波形显示没什么区别

    Qt上位机PID调参_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

    Qt上位机PID调参

    2023.9.17更新

    支持开始显示、停止显示

    波形数据写到TXT文件

    Excel、Python或MATLAB对数据进行进一步地分析

    1. QVector waveArray;
    2.  
    3. QDateTime curTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
    4. QString date = curTime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"); //设置显示格式
    5. QString time = curTime.toString("hh:mm:ss:zzz"); //设置显示格式
    6. waveArray<"\t"<"\t"<number(receiveParsingData)<<"\n";

    每接受一帧数据则对数据进行保存 

    1. void MainWindow::waveDataOutputToFile()
    2. {
    3.     QFileDialog dlg(this);
    4.  
    5.     //获取内容的保存路径
    6.     QString fileName = dlg.getSaveFileName(this, tr("Save As"), "./", tr("Text File(*.txt)"));
    7.  
    8.     if( fileName == "" )
    9.     {
    10.         return;
    11.     }
    12.  
    13.     //内容保存到路径文件
    14.     QFile file(fileName);
    15.  
    16.     //以文本方式打开
    17.     if( file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text) )
    18.     {
    19.         QTextStream out(&file); //IO设备对象的地址对其进行初始化
    20.  
    21.         QVector::iterator iter;
    22.         for (iter=waveArray.begin();iter!=waveArray.end();iter++)
    23.             out  <<  *iter << "\0";
    24.  
    25.         QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Finish"), tr("Successfully save the file!"));
    26.  
    27.         file.close();
    28.         waveArray.clear();
    29.     }
    30.     else
    31.     {
    32.         QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Error"), tr("File to open file!"));
    33.     }
    34. }

    文件输出

    Qt上位机波形显示与数据保存_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

    Qt上位机波形显示与数据保存

    2023.9.15更新

    将单片机ADC采集到的电压进行组包

    Qt收到后进行拆包

    1. void MainWindow::parsingData(QByteArray *protocalData)
    2. {
    3.     uchar preFix = 0xA5;
    4.     uchar cmd1Rcv = 0xAB;
    5.     uchar cmd2Rcv = 0x11;
    6.     uchar crc = 0;
    7.     uchar temp = 0;
    8.     temp = static_cast(protocalData->at(0));
    9.     if(static_cast(protocalData->at(0)) == preFix)
    10.     {
    11.         for(int i=1; ilength()-2; i++)
    12.         {
    13.             temp = static_cast(protocalData->at(i));
    14.             crc += static_cast(protocalData->at(i));
    15.         }
    16.         temp = static_cast(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2));
    17.         if(crc != static_cast(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2)))
    18.         {
    19.             return;
    20.         }
    21.         uchar cmd1 = protocalData->at(2);
    22.         uchar cmd2 = protocalData->at(3);
    23.         uchar data = protocalData->at(4);
    24.  
    25.         if((cmd1==cmd1Rcv) && (cmd2 ==cmd2Rcv))
    26.         {
    27.             uchar uData[4];
    28.             uData[0] = static_cast(protocalData->at(4));
    29.             uData[1] = static_cast(protocalData->at(5));
    30.             uData[2] = static_cast(protocalData->at(6));
    31.             uData[3] = static_cast(protocalData->at(7));
    32.             *(int *)&receiveParsingData = *(int *)&uData;
    33.             ui->lcdnumber_vlotage->display(receiveParsingData);
    34.         }
    35.     }
    36. }

    LCD显示当前电压

    Qt上位机显示动态数据_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

    Qt上位机显示动态数据

    2023.9.14更新

    从协议中进行数据截取

    波形显示

    graphicsView放大缩小、原始大小

    2023.9.12更新

    中文显示

    发送/接受 帧计数

    文件输出

    支持时间戳模式自动换行

    HEX接收时自动用空格分隔

    前言

    1.一直都想要做一个Qt上位机，趁着这个周末有时间，动手写一下

    2.comboBox没有点击的信号，所以做了一个触发的功能

    3.Qt的数据类型很奇怪，转来转去的我也搞得很迷糊

    4.给自己挖个坑，下一期做一个查看波形的上位机

    有纰漏请指出，转载请说明。

    学习交流请发邮件 1280253714@qq.com

    串口功能

    波特率设置

    串口开关

    串口异常检测

    字符串/HEX收发

    定时发送

    接收数据分隔

    协议组包

    协议拆包

    源代码

    widget.h

    1. #ifndef WIDGET_H
    2. #define WIDGET_H
    3.  
    4. #include 
    5. #include          // 提供访问串口的功能
    6. #include       // 提供系统中存在的串口信息
    7. #include 
    8. #include 
    9. #include 
    10.  
    11. QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
    12. namespace Ui { class Widget; }
    13. QT_END_NAMESPACE
    14.  
    15. class Widget : public QWidget
    16. {
    17.     Q_OBJECT
    18.  
    19.     //用于表格设置
    20.     enum FieldColNum {
    21.         colTime,
    22.         colCmd1,
    23.         colCmd2,
    24.         colData,
    25.     };
    26.     enum CellType {
    27.         ctTime,
    28.         ctCmd1,
    29.         ctCmd2,
    30.         ctData,
    31.     };
    32. public:
    33.     int tableRowCnt = 0;
    34. public:
    35.     Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    36.     ~Widget();
    37.     void serialPortInit();  //串口初始化
    38.     void windowInit();      //显示窗口初始化
    39.     void refreshCom();      //刷新串口
    40.     void tableInit();       //表格初始化
    41.     void createItemsARow(int rowNum, QByteArray *protocalData); //表格新建一行
    42.     QString ByteArrayToHexString(QByteArray &ba);
    43. private:
    44.     Ui::Widget *ui;
    45.     QSerialPort* serialPort;
    46. public slots:
    47.     void comboBoxClicked(); //comboBox被点击
    48. private slots:
    49.  
    50.     void sendData();            //发送串口数据
    51.     void receiveData();         //接收串口数据
    52.     void openSerialport();      //串口开启
    53.     void closeSerialport();     //串口关闭
    54.     void setBuad(int);          //设置波特率
    55.     void clearRcv();            //清楚接收缓存
    56.     void on_btnConvert_clicked();   //转换按钮被点击
    57.     void on_btnClear_clicked();     //清楚转化的按钮被点击
    58.     void sendProtocalHexData();     //以hex格式发送串口数据
    59.     void handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError serialPortErr); //串口异常捕获
    60. };
    61.  
    62.  
    63. #endif // WIDGET_H

    widget.cpp

    1. #include "widget.h"
    2. #include "ui_widget.h"
    3. #include "newcombobox.h"
    4. #include 
    5.  
    6.  
    7. Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
    8.     : QWidget(parent)
    9.     , ui(new Ui::Widget)
    10. {
    11.     ui->setupUi(this);
    12.  
    13.     //创建一个定时器用来定时发送
    14.     QTimer *timer1 = new QTimer();
    15.     timer1->start(1000);
    16.     connect(timer1,&QTimer::timeout,[=](){
    17.         int timed = ui->comboBox_timedSend->currentText().toInt();
    18.         timer1->start(timed);
    19.         if(ui->checkBox_timedSend->isChecked() == true)
    20.         {
    21.             sendData();
    22.         }
    23.     });
    24.  
    25.     windowInit();
    26.     tableInit();
    27.     serialPort = new QSerialPort();
    28.     serialPortInit();
    29.  
    30.  
    31.     connect(serialPort,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(receiveData()));
    32.     connect(serialPort,SIGNAL(errorOccurred(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)),this,SLOT(handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)));
    33.     connect(ui->pushButton_sendData,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(sendData()));
    34.     connect(ui->pushButton_openSerialPort,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(openSerialport()));
    35.     connect(ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(closeSerialport()));
    36.     connect(ui->comboBox_chooseCom,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(comboBoxClicked()));
    37.     connect(ui->pushButton_clearRcv,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(clearRcv()));
    38.     connect(ui->pushButton_convert,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_btnConvert_clicked()));
    39.     connect(ui->pushButton_clearConvertData,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_btnClear_clicked()));
    40.     connect(ui->pushButton_sendProtocalData,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(sendProtocalHexData()));
    41.     connect(serialPort,SIGNAL(errorOccurred(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)),this,SLOT(handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)));
    42.     connect(ui->comboBox_setBuad,SIGNAL(activated(int)),this,SLOT(setBuad(int)));
    43. }
    44.  
    45. Widget::~Widget()
    46. {
    47.     delete ui;
    48. }
    49.  
    50. //串口异常捕获
    51. void Widget::handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError serialPortErr)
    52. {
    53.     if(serialPortErr == QSerialPort::ResourceError)
    54.     {
    55.         QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "critical", "设备拔出", QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::Yes);
    56.         closeSerialport();
    57.     }
    58.     if(serialPortErr == QSerialPort::DeviceNotFoundError)
    59.     {
    60.         QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "critical", "找不到串口", QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::Yes);
    61.         closeSerialport();
    62.     }
    63. }
    64.  
    65. void Widget::comboBoxClicked()
    66. {
    67.     refreshCom();
    68. }
    69.  
    70. void Widget::windowInit()
    71. {
    72.     ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
    73.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
    74.     ui->pushButton_sendData->setEnabled(false);
    75.     setWindowTitle(tr("串口收发"));
    76.  
    77.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->addItem("10");
    78.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->addItem("100");
    79.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->addItem("1000");
    80.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->setCurrentIndex(2);
    81. }
    82.  
    83. void Widget::refreshCom()
    84. {
    85.     //显示串口列表
    86.     ui->comboBox_chooseCom->clear();
    87.     foreach(QSerialPortInfo portInfo, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
    88.         ui->comboBox_chooseCom->addItem(portInfo.portName()+":"+portInfo.description());
    89.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(ui->comboBox_chooseCom->count()>0);	//
    90. }
    91.  
    92. void Widget::serialPortInit(){
    93.  
    94.     refreshCom();
    95.  
    96.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->addItem("9600");
    97.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->addItem("115200");
    98.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->addItem("921600");
    99.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->setCurrentIndex(1);
    100.  
    101. }
    102.  
    103. void Widget::tableInit()
    104. {
    105.     QStringList headerText;
    106.     headerText<<"时间"<<"命令1"<<"命令2"<<"数据";
    107.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnCount(headerText.size());      //设置表格列数
    108.     ui->tableWidget->resizeColumnsToContents();
    109.     for (int i=0;itableWidget->columnCount();i++)
    110.     {
    111.         QTableWidgetItem *headerItem=new QTableWidgetItem(headerText.at(i));
    112.         QFont font=headerItem->font();   //获取原有字体设置
    113.         font.setBold(true);              //设置为粗体
    114.         font.setPointSize(10);           //字体大小
    115.         headerItem->setForeground(QBrush(Qt::black));  //设置文字颜色
    116.         headerItem->setFont(font);       //设置字体
    117.         ui->tableWidget->setHorizontalHeaderItem(i,headerItem);    //设置表头单元格的item
    118.     }
    119.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(0, 60);
    120.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(1, 50);
    121.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(2, 50);
    122.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(3, 250);
    123. }
    124.  
    125. //为一行的单元格创建 Items
    126. void Widget::createItemsARow(int rowNum, QByteArray *protocalData)
    127. {
    128.     uchar preFix = 0xA5;
    129.     uchar crc = 0;
    130.     uchar temp = 0;
    131.     temp = static_cast(protocalData->at(0));
    132.     if(static_cast(protocalData->at(0)) == preFix)
    133.     {
    134.         for(int i=1; ilength()-2; i++)
    135.         {
    136.             temp = static_cast(protocalData->at(i));
    137.             crc += static_cast(protocalData->at(i));
    138.         }
    139.         temp = static_cast(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2));
    140.         if(crc != static_cast(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2)))
    141.         {
    142.             return;
    143.         }
    144.         uchar len = protocalData->at(1);
    145.         uchar cmd1 = protocalData->at(2);
    146.         uchar cmd2 = protocalData->at(3);
    147.         QByteArray data = protocalData->mid(4,len-6);
    148.         QDateTime curTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();//获取系统现在的时间
    149.         QString time = curTime.toString("hh:mm:ss"); //设置显示格式
    150.  
    151.         uint8_t str1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(cmd1);
    152.         QString hexStr1 = QString("%1").arg(str1, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0')).toUpper();
    153.         uint8_t str2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(cmd2);
    154.         QString hexStr2 = QString("%1").arg(str2, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0')).toUpper();
    155.         QString testdata = ByteArrayToHexString(data).toLatin1().toUpper();
    156.  
    157.         QTableWidgetItem *item = new QTableWidgetItem(time, ctTime);
    158.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colTime, item);
    159.  
    160.         item = new QTableWidgetItem(hexStr1, ctCmd1);
    161.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colCmd1, item);
    162.  
    163.         item = new QTableWidgetItem(hexStr2, ctCmd2);
    164.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colCmd2, item);
    165.  
    166.         item = new QTableWidgetItem(testdata, ctData);
    167.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colData, item);
    168.     }
    169.  
    170.  
    171.     auto lastRowIndex = ui->tableWidget->rowCount()-1; // 最后一行的索引
    172.     auto lastModelIndex = ui->tableWidget->model()->index(lastRowIndex, 0);
    173.     ui->tableWidget->scrollTo(lastModelIndex);         // 滚动到最后一行
    174. }
    175.  
    176. QString Widget::ByteArrayToHexString(QByteArray &ba)
    177. {
    178.     QDataStream out(&ba,QIODevice::ReadWrite);   //将str的数据 读到out里面去
    179.     QString buf;
    180.     while(!out.atEnd())
    181.     {
    182.         qint8 outChar = 0;
    183.         out >> outChar;   //每次一个字节的填充到 outchar
    184.         QString str = QString("%1").arg(outChar&0xFF,2,16,QLatin1Char('0')).toUpper() + QString(" ");   //2 字符宽度
    185.         buf += str;
    186.     }
    187.     return buf;
    188. }
    189.  
    190. void Widget::sendData()
    191. {
    192.     QString message = ui->lineEdit_sendData->text();
    193.     if(ui->checkBox_hexSend->isChecked() == true)
    194.     {
    195.         serialPort->write(QByteArray::fromHex(message.toLatin1()));
    196.     }
    197.     else
    198.     {
    199.         serialPort->write(message.toLatin1());
    200.     }
    201. }
    202.  
    203. void Widget::receiveData()
    204. {
    205.     QByteArray message;
    206.     QString hexMsg;
    207.     message.append(serialPort->readAll());
    208.     QDateTime time = QDateTime::currentDateTime();  //获取系统现在的时间
    209.     QString date = time.toString("hh:mm:ss");       //设置显示格式
    210.     if(ui->checkBox_hexRcv->isChecked() == true)
    211.     {
    212.         tableRowCnt++;
    213.         ui->tableWidget->setRowCount(tableRowCnt);
    214.         createItemsARow(tableRowCnt-1,&message);
    215.  
    216.         hexMsg = ByteArrayToHexString(message).toLatin1();
    217.         ui->textEdit_RecData->append(date+QString("->  ")+hexMsg.toUpper());
    218.     }
    219.     else
    220.     {
    221.         ui->textEdit_RecData->append(date+QString("->  ")+message);
    222.     }
    223. }
    224. void Widget::openSerialport()
    225. {
    226.     ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort->setEnabled(true);
    227.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
    228.  
    229.     QList  comList = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();
    230.     QSerialPortInfo portInfo = comList.at(ui->comboBox_chooseCom->currentIndex());
    231.     serialPort->setPort(portInfo);      //设置使用哪个串口
    232.  
    233.     if(serialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite) == false)
    234.     {
    235.         QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "critical", "找不到串口/串口被占用", QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::Yes);
    236.         closeSerialport();
    237.     }
    238.     else
    239.     {
    240.         serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200);
    241.         serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
    242.         serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
    243.         serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
    244.         serialPort->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
    245.  
    246.         ui->pushButton_sendData->setEnabled(true);
    247.     }
    248. }
    249.  
    250. void Widget::closeSerialport()
    251. {
    252.     if(serialPort->isOpen()){
    253.         serialPort->clear();
    254.         serialPort->close();
    255.     }
    256.     ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
    257.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(true);
    258. }
    259.  
    260. void Widget::setBuad(int buad)
    261. {
    262.     QString str = ui->comboBox_setBuad->currentText();
    263.     serialPort->setBaudRate(str.toInt());
    264. }
    265.  
    266. void Widget::clearRcv()
    267. {
    268.     ui->textEdit_RecData->clear();
    269. }
    270.  
    271. void Widget::on_btnClear_clicked()
    272. {
    273.     ui->lineEdit_protocalData->clear();
    274. }
    275.  
    276. void Widget::on_btnConvert_clicked()
    277. {
    278.     ui->lineEdit_protocalData->clear();
    279.     bool ok;
    280.     QString str = "A5";
    281.     int val1= ui->lineEditCmd1->text().toInt(&ok,16);  //以十六进制数读入
    282.     QString str1 = QString("%1").arg(val1, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
    283.  
    284.     int val2= ui->lineEditCmd2->text().toInt(&ok,16);  //以十六进制数读入
    285.     QString str2 = QString("%1").arg(val2, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
    286.  
    287.     if ((str1.isEmpty())||(str2.isEmpty()))
    288.         return;
    289.  
    290.     int val3= ui->lineEditData->text().toInt(&ok,16);  //以十六进制数读入
    291.     QString str3 = QString("%1").arg(val3, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
    292.  
    293.     uint8_t len = 6 + static_cast<uint8_t>(str3.length()/2);
    294.     QString hexStr = QString("%1").arg(len, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
    295.  
    296.     str.append(hexStr);
    297.     str.append(str1);
    298.     str.append(str2);
    299.     str.append(str3);
    300.     uint8_t crc;
    301.     QString tmp;
    302.     for(int i=0; ilength(); i+=2)
    303.     {
    304.         tmp = ui->lineEditData->text()[i];
    305.         tmp += ui->lineEditData->text()[i+1];
    306.         crc+= tmp.toInt(&ok,16);
    307.         tmp = "";
    308.     }
    309.     crc += len;
    310.     crc += val1;
    311.     crc += val2;
    312.     QString hexCrc= QString("%1").arg(crc, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
    313.     str.append(hexCrc);
    314.     str.append("5A");
    315.     str = str.toUpper();
    316.     ui->lineEdit_protocalData->insert(str);
    317. }
    318.  
    319. void Widget::sendProtocalHexData()
    320. {
    321.     QString message = ui->lineEdit_protocalData->text();
    322.     serialPort->write(QByteArray::fromHex(message.toLatin1()));
    323. }

    ui

    代码框架概览

    演示视频

    串口上位机(基本设置/协议收发)演示_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

    串口上位机(基本设置/协议收发)演示

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45817947/article/details/132795563