• UI自动化之混合框架

    什么是混合框架，混合框架就是将数据驱动与关键字驱动结合在一起，主要用来回归业务主流程，将核心流程串联起来。

    上一篇我们写到了关键字驱动框架，关键字驱动框架是针对一个业务场景的单条测试用例的。

    我们以163邮箱的登录到创建联系人这个流程为例，来看看混合框架是怎样的。

    首先准备一个存放测试用例和数据的excel文件，文件内容如下：

    测试用例的sheet页：case

    mock表示这条测试用例我们需要用到的框架模型，key表示关键字，data表示数据

    step_sheet表示这条用例我们需要用到的关键字驱动的sheet页名称

    data_sheet表示这条用例我们需要用到的数据驱动的sheet页名称

    login_step页：

    add_person_step页：添加联系人的步骤

    add_person_data页：添加联系人所需要用到的数据

    excel的准备工作就完成了，接下来看代码：

    首先是项目目录：只写了简单的几个目录，其他的目录在pageobject三层架构中写过，可以参考，都是一样的。

    Setting文件夹的Config.py文件：

    1. # Config.py
    2. import os
    3.  
    4. Base_Dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    5.  
    6. # 测试数据文件
    7. Test_Data_Path = os.path.join(Base_Dir, 'TestData')

    Util文件夹的find_ele.py文件：

    1. # find_ele.py
    2. from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
    3.  
    4.  
    5. def find_element(driver, location_type, location_express):
    6.     '''查找控件元素'''
    7.     try:
    8.         driver = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(lambda driver:driver.find_element(location_type, location_express))
    9.         return driver
    10.     except Exception as e:
    11.         raise e
    12.  
    13.  
    14. def find_elements(driver, location_type, location_express):
    15.     '''查找元素组'''
    16.     try:
    17.         driver = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(lambda driver:driver.find_elements(location_type, location_express))
    18.         return driver
    19.     except Exception as e:
    20.         raise e

    Util文件夹的excel_parse.py文件：读取excel的内容

    1. # excel_parse.py
    2. from Setting.Config import Test_Data_Path
    3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
    4.  
    5. class ExcelParse:
    6.  
    7.     def __init__(self):
    8.         self.workbook = None
    9.         # self.sheet = None
    10.  
    11.     def load_workbook(self, filename):
    12.         '''加载文件'''
    13.         try:
    14.             self.workbook = load_workbook(filename)
    15.         except Exception as e:
    16.             raise e
    17.  
    18.     def get_sheet(self, sheetname):
    19.         '''获取sheet页'''
    20.         try:
    21.             # self.sheet = self.workbook[sheetname]
    22.             return self.workbook[sheetname]
    23.         except Exception as e:
    24.             raise e
    25.  
    26.     def get_row_num(self, sheet):
    27.         '''返回行数'''
    28.         # return self.sheet.max_row
    29.         return sheet.max_row
    30.  
    31.     def get_col_num(self, sheet):
    32.         '''返回列数'''
    33.         # return self.sheet.max_column
    34.         return sheet.max_column
    35.  
    36.     def get_cell_value(self, sheet, row, col):
    37.         '''返回某一单元格的值'''
    38.         # return self.sheet.cell(row=row, column=col).value
    39.         return sheet.cell(row=row, column=col).value
    40.  
    41.     def get_row_value(self, sheet, row):
    42.         '''返回某一行的值'''
    43.         try:
    44.             col = self.get_col_num(sheet)
    45.             data = []
    46.             for i in range(1, col+1):
    47.                 data.append(self.get_cell_value(sheet, row, i))
    48.             return data
    49.         except Exception as e:
    50.             raise e
    51.  
    52.     def write_cell(self, sheet, row, col, filename, content):
    53.         '''单元格赋值'''
    54.         try:
    55.             # self.sheet.cell(row=row, column=col, value=content)
    56.             sheet.cell(row=row, column=col, value=content)
    57.             self.workbook.save(filename)
    58.  
    59.         except Exception as e:
    60.             raise e
    61.  
    62.  
    63. if __name__ == '__main__':
    64.     execl = ExcelParse()
    65.     execl.load_workbook(Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx')
    66.     sheet = execl.get_sheet('case')
    67.     # execl.get_sheet('login')
    68.     res = execl.get_row_value(sheet, 2)
    69.     print(res)

    Util文件夹的elementAction.py文件：执行动作的封装

    1. # elementAction.py
    2. import time
    3.  
    4. from selenium import webdriver
    5. from Util.find_ele import find_element, find_elements
    6.  
    7. driver = None
    8.  
    9. def open_browse(browser_name, *args):
    10.     '''打开浏览器'''
    11.     global driver
    12.     try:
    13.         if browser_name.lower() == 'chrome':
    14.             driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    15.         elif browser_name.lower() == 'firefox':
    16.             driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    17.         else:
    18.             driver = webdriver.Ie()
    19.     except Exception as e:
    20.         raise e
    21.  
    22. def get_url(url, *args):
    23.     '''打开网址'''
    24.     try:
    25.         driver.get(url)
    26.     except Exception as e:
    27.         raise e
    28.  
    29.  
    30. def max_window(*args):
    31.     '''窗口最大化'''
    32.     try:
    33.         driver.maximize_window()
    34.     except Exception as e:
    35.         raise e
    36.  
    37. def switch_frame(location_type, location_express, *args):
    38.     '''切换iframe'''
    39.     try:
    40.         frame = find_element(driver, location_type, location_express)
    41.         driver.switch_to.frame(frame)
    42.     except Exception as e:
    43.         raise e
    44.  
    45. def input_content(location_type, location_express, content, *args):
    46.     '''定位输入框，输入内容'''
    47.     try:
    48.         find_element(driver, location_type, location_express).send_keys(content)
    49.     except Exception as e:
    50.         raise e
    51.  
    52. def input_subject(location_type, location_express, input_conetnt, *args):
    53.     '''定位输入框，输入内容'''
    54.     try:
    55.         # location_express的值为：
    56.         location_express, index = location_express.split(',')
    57.         find_elements(driver, location_type, location_express)[int(index)].send_keys(input_conetnt)
    58.     except Exception as e:
    59.         raise e
    60.  
    61.  
    62. def switch_default(*args):
    63.     '''返回默认iframe'''
    64.     try:
    65.         driver.switch_to.default_content()
    66.     except Exception as e:
    67.         raise e
    68.  
    69.  
    70. def click(location_type, location_express, *args):
    71.     '''点击操作'''
    72.     try:
    73.         find_element(driver, location_type, location_express).click()
    74.     except Exception as e:
    75.         raise e
    76.  
    77. def assert_title(title, *args):
    78.     '''断言title是否正确'''
    79.     try:
    80.         assert title in driver.title
    81.     except Exception as e:
    82.         raise e
    83.  
    84.  
    85. def close_browse():
    86.     '''关闭浏览器'''
    87.     driver.quit()
    88.  
    89.  
    90. def sleep(sec):
    91.     '''等待'''
    92.     time.sleep(sec)
    93.  
    94. if __name__ == '__main__':
    95.     open_browse('chrome')
    96.     get_url('http://mail.163.com')
    97.     max_window()
    98.     switch_frame('tag name', 'iframe')
    99.     input_content('name', 'email', 'YM_yimin')
    100.     input_content('name', 'password', 'yimin19960930')
    101.     click('id', 'dologin')
    102.     assert_title('网易')

    Util文件夹的common.py文件：封装拼接的执行动作函数

    1. # common.py
    2. def generate_method_express(location_type, location_express, key_word, operate_data):
    3.     # location_type, location_express为空，operate_data不为空
    4.     if key_word and operate_data and location_type is None and location_express is None:
    5.         # 判断操作值的类型
    6.         if isinstance(operate_data, int):
    7.             method_express = key_word + '(' + str(operate_data) + ')'
    8.         else:
    9.             method_express = key_word + "('" + operate_data + "')"
    10.         # print(method_express)
    11.     # 只有关键字有值，其他的都为空，比如：max_window, close_browse
    12.     elif key_word and operate_data is None and location_type is None and location_express is None:
    13.         method_express = key_word + '()'
    14.         # print(method_express)
    15.     # location_type,location_express不为空，operate_data为空
    16.     elif key_word and location_type and location_express and operate_data is None:
    17.         method_express = key_word + "('" + location_type + "','" + location_express + "')"
    18.         # print(method_express)
    19.     # 都不为空
    20.     else:
    21.         if isinstance(operate_data, int):
    22.             method_express = key_word + "('" + location_type + "','" + location_express + "'," + str(operate_data) + ")"
    23.         else:
    24.             method_express = key_word + "('" + location_type + "','" + location_express + "','" + operate_data + "')"
    25.         print(method_express)
    26.     return method_express

    TestScript文件夹下的add_contractor.py文件：添加联系人的测试用例执行

    1. # 添加联系人
    2. import time
    3.  
    4. from Util.common import generate_method_express
    5. from Util.excel_parse import ExcelParse
    6. from Setting.Config import Test_Data_Path
    7. from Util.elementAction import *
    8. from Util import elementAction
    9. from Util.find_ele import find_element
    10.  
    11.  
    12. def add_contractors(excel, stepSheet, dataSheet):
    13.     '''添加联系人'''
    14.     # 数据源行数
    15.     data_row_nums = excel.get_row_num(dataSheet)
    16.     # 步骤行数
    17.     step_row_nums = excel.get_row_num(stepSheet)
    18.     # 成功的步骤数
    19.     success_record = 0
    20.     # 数据驱动sheet页中需要执行的行数
    21.     need_run_record = 0
    22.     # 遍历数据驱动sheet页中的数据
    23.     for i in range(2, data_row_nums):
    24.         # 判断数据驱动sheet页的数据是否需要执行
    25.         if excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 6).lower() == 'y':
    26.             need_run_record += 1
    27.             # 将这一行的数据全部拿出来
    28.             name = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 1)   # 姓名
    29.             email = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 2)   # 邮箱
    30.             is_star = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 3)   # 是否星标
    31.             phone = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 4)    # 电话号码
    32.             remarks = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 2)   # 备注
    33.  
    34.             success_step = 0     # 记录每行数据成功的步骤数
    35.             # 编辑关键字驱动sheet页中的步骤
    36.             for j in range(2, step_row_nums):
    37.                 # 获取关键字驱动sheet页中的每行数据
    38.                 step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 2)         # 步骤描述
    39.                 location_type = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 3)     # 定位方式
    40.                 location_express = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 4)   # 定位方式表达式
    41.                 keyword = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 5)           # 关键字
    42.                 operate_value = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 6)      # 操作值
    43.  
    44.                 # 当操作值是变量的时候，要引用数据源（数据驱动sheet页）中的数据
    45.                 # operate_value的值是字符串，并且以${开头，}结尾， 例如operate_value='${name}'
    46.                 if isinstance(operate_value, str) and operate_value.startswith('${') and operate_value.endswith('}'):
    47.                     # 把operate_value中的变量名截取出来
    48.                     operate_value = eval(operate_value[2:operate_value.index('}')])
    49.                 # 组装函数，拼接每个步骤的执行动作函数
    50.                 func_express = generate_method_express(location_type, location_express, keyword, operate_value)
    51.  
    52.                 # 当step_desc为星标是否选择时,当operate_value等于Y（即执行点击操作），选中星标，当operate_value等于Y，不选中星标（即不执行点击操作）
    53.                 # func_express = click(location_type, location_express, 'Y/N')
    54.                 if operate_value != 'no_star':
    55.                     # 执行选中星标，点击操作
    56.                     try:
    57.                         eval(func_express)
    58.                     except Exception as e:
    59.                         raise e
    60.                     else:
    61.                         # 执行选中星标操作，没有异常，成功步骤+1
    62.                         success_step += 1
    63.                 else:
    64.                     # 不执行选中星标操作，要记录成功步骤数
    65.                     success_step += 1
    66.             # 判断成功步骤数，与关键字驱动sheet页的步骤数是否相等
    67.             if success_step+1 == step_row_nums:
    68.                 # 成功步骤数+1 等于 关键字驱动sheet页的行数, 成功的数据+1
    69.                 success_record += 1
    70.                 # 将成功的结果写入数据驱动sheet页对应的单元格
    71.                 excel.write_cell(dataSheet, i, 7, Test_Data_Path+'/test_data.xlsx', 'pass')
    72.             else:
    73.                 excel.write_cell(dataSheet, i, 7, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'fail')
    74.     # 数据驱动sheet页中的所有数据全部轮训执行完之后
    75.     # 判断成功记录数success_record 和 需要执行的数据need_run_record  相等，则说明该测试用例执行成功
    76.     if success_record == need_run_record:
    77.         return 'Pass'
    78.     else:
    79.         return 'Fail'
    80.  
    81.  
    82. if __name__ == '__main__':
    83.     from selenium import webdriver
    84.     driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    85.     driver.get('http://mail.163.com')
    86.     frame = find_element(driver, 'tag name', 'iframe')
    87.     driver.switch_to.frame(frame)
    88.     find_element(driver, 'name', 'email').send_keys('test123')
    89.     find_element(driver, 'name', 'password').send_keys('a123456')
    90.     find_element(driver, 'id', 'dologin').click()
    91.     time.sleep(5)
    92.  
    93.     elementAction.driver = driver
    94.  
    95.     execl = ExcelParse()
    96.     execl.load_workbook(Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx')
    97.     step_sheet = execl.get_sheet('add_person_step')
    98.     data_sheet = execl.get_sheet('add_person_data')
    99.     add_contractors(execl,step_sheet, data_sheet)

    TestScript文件夹的test_login_add_send.py文件：读取case页的测试用例，进行执行

    1. # test_login_add_send.py
    2. from Util.excel_parse import ExcelParse
    3. from Setting.Config import Test_Data_Path
    4. from TestScript.add_contractor import add_contractors
    5. from Util.common import generate_method_express
    6.  
    7. def test_loginAndAddAndSend():
    8.     try:
    9.         # 获取数据文件case中的内容
    10.         excel = ExcelParse()
    11.         excel.load_workbook(Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx')
    12.         case_sheet = excel.get_sheet('case')    # 获取测试用例sheet页
    13.         case_nums = excel.get_row_num(case_sheet)     # case的总行数
    14.         # 遍历case中的数据
    15.         for i in range(2, case_nums+1):
    16.             # 判断该用例是否要执行
    17.             if excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 7) == 'y':
    18.                 # 获取用例名称
    19.                 case_name = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 2)
    20.                 # 框架类型
    21.                 frame_mode = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 4)
    22.                 # 步骤sheet名
    23.                 step_sheet_name = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 5)
    24.                 stepsheet = excel.get_sheet(step_sheet_name)   # 获取步骤sheet页
    25.                 if frame_mode == 'data':
    26.                     # 如果框架类型为data，获取数据sheet名
    27.                     data_sheet_name = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 6)
    28.                     # 分别获取两个sheet，作为参数传入
    29.                     datasheet = excel.get_sheet(data_sheet_name)
    30.                     result = None
    31.                     # 调用对应的方法，即添加联系人的方法
    32.                     if case_name == 'add_person':
    33.                         result = add_contractors(excel, stepsheet, datasheet)
    34.                         if result == 'Pass':
    35.                             excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Pass')
    36.                         else:
    37.                             excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Fail')
    38.                 elif frame_mode == 'key':
    39.                     # 获取步骤数
    40.                     step_nums = excel.get_row_num(stepsheet)
    41.                     # 记录成功的步骤数
    42.                     success_step_num = 0
    43.                     for j in range(2, step_nums+1):
    44.                         # 步骤描述
    45.                         step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 2)
    46.                         location_type = step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 3)
    47.                         location_express = step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 4)
    48.                         key_word = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 5)
    49.                         operate_value = step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 6)
    50.                         # 构建函数表达式
    51.                         func_express = generate_method_express(location_type, location_express, key_word, operate_value)
    52.  
    53.                         # 执行函数, 不抛出异常就认为执行成功
    54.                         try:
    55.                             print(f'开始执行 {step_desc}')
    56.                             eval(func_express)
    57.                         except Exception as e:
    58.                             print(f'执行{step_desc}发生异常{e}')
    59.                             # 某一步发生异常，则该用例执行失败，将失败结果写入测试用例（case）sheet页
    60.                             excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Fail')
    61.                         else:
    62.                             success_step_num += 1
    63.                     # 执行成功步骤数+1 = 步骤总数，用例执行成功
    64.                     if success_step_num+1 == step_nums:
    65.                         # 写入成功
    66.                         excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Pass')
    67.             else:
    68.                 excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Skip')
    69.  
    70.     except Exception as e:
    71.         raise e

    最后执行test_login_add_send.py文件，即实现了混合框架。

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_48323589/article/details/132643742