-
openGauss每日一练第10天 | openGauss逻辑结构：表空间管理
一、学习目标
表空间是数据的容器。掌握表空间的管理，包括创建表空间、删除表空间、重命名表空间、查看表空间的情况。
二、课程学习
通过使用表空间，管理员可以控制一个数据库安装的磁盘布局。
表空间对应于一个文件系统目录，假定数据库节点数据目录/pg_location/mount1/path1是用户拥有读写权限的空目录。
openGauss自带了两个表空间：pg_default和pg_global。- 默认表空间pg_default：用来存储非共享系统表、用户表、用户表index、临时表、临时表index、内部临时表的默认表空间。对应存储目录为实例数据目录下的base目录。
- 共享表空间pg_global：用来存放共享系统表的表空间。对应存储目录为实例数据目录下的global目录。
1.执行如下命令创建用户jack
CREATE USER jack IDENTIFIED BY ‘kunpeng@1234’;
2.创建表空间、表--执行下面的SQL语句，创建表空间t_tbspace： CREATE TABLESPACE t_tbspace RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/t_tbspace1'; --查看系统有哪些表空间 select oid,* from pg_tablespace ; 或 \db --数据库系统管理员执行如下命令将“t_tbspace”表空间的访问权限赋予数据用户jack。 GRANT CREATE ON TABLESPACE t_tbspace TO jack; --执行如下命令，使用jack用户在指定表空间t_tbspace创建表。 \c omm jack CREATE TABLE foo(i int) TABLESPACE t_tbspace; \q- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
root@modb:~# su - omm omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# CREATE USER jack IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE t_tbspace RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/t_tbspace1'; CREATE TABLESPACE omm=# select oid,* from pg_tablespace; oid | spcname | spcowner | spcacl | spcoptions | spcmaxsize | relative -------+------------+----------+--------+------------+------------+---------- 1663 | pg_default | 10 | | | | f 1664 | pg_global | 10 | | | | f 16389 | music_tbs | 10 | | | | t 16398 | newtbs1 | 10 | | | | t 16406 | t_tbspace | 10 | | | | t omm=# (5 rows) omm=# \db List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location ------------+-------+----------------------- music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1 newtbs1 | omm | tablespace/test_ts2 pg_default | omm | pg_global | omm | t_tbspace | omm | tablespace/t_tbspace1 (5 rows) ^ omm=# GRANT CREATE ON TABLESPACE t_tbspace TO jack; GRANT omm=# \c omm jack Password for user jack: Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "omm" as user "jack". omm=> CREATE TABLE foo(i int) TABLESPACE t_tbspace; CREATE TABLE omm=> \q omm@modb:~$- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
3.查看表空间t_tbspace的大小
gsql -r
SELECT PG_TABLESPACE_SIZE(‘t_tbspace’);omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# SELECT PG_TABLESPACE_SIZE('t_tbspace'); pg_tablespace_size -------------------- 8192 (1 row) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
4.查看数据库在默认表空间下有哪些对象
with objectInDefaultTS as ( select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), reltablespace,relowner from pg_class a where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') and reltablespace='0' ) select * from objectInDefaultTS where relname not like 'pg_%' and relname not like 'gs_%' and relname not like 'sql_%' order by relpages desc;- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
omm=# with objectInDefaultTS as omm-# ( select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), omm(# reltablespace,relowner omm(# from pg_class a omm(# where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') and reltablespace='0' omm(# omm-# ) select * omm-# from objectInDefaultTS omm-# omm-# where relname not like 'pg_%' and relname not like 'gs_%' and relnameike 'sql_%' order by relpages desc; relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | re ltablespace | relowner ------------------------------------------+---------+----------+----------------+--- ------------+---------- streaming_gather_agg_index | i | 2 | 16 kB | 0 | 10 snapshot_id_key | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_lookupidxid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_schema_change_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_reaper_status_id_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_reaper_status_oid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 snapshot_pkey | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 statement_history_time_idx | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_stream_oid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_stream_relid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_relid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_defrelid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_id_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_oid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_matrelid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 plan_table_data | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 statement_history | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_stream | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 snapshot | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_reaper_status | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 (21 rows) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
5.查看数据库在非默认表空间下有哪些对象
--执行下面的SQL语句，查询数据库studentdb的非默认表空间t_tbspace下有哪些对象： select relname,relkind,relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), reltablespace,relowner from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') and a.reltablespace=tb.oid and tb.spcname='t_tbspace' order by a.relpages desc;- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
omm=# select relname,relkind,relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), omm-# reltablespace,relowner omm-# omm-# from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') omm-# and a.reltablespace=tb.oid omm-# and tb.spcname='t_tbspace' omm-# order by a.relpages desc; relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner ---------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+---------- foo | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 16406 | 16402 (1 row) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
6.重命名表空间
–命名表空间t_tbspace为app_tbs
ALTER TABLESPACE t_tbspace RENAME TO app_tbs;
–执行下面的gsql命令，查看数据库当前的表空间信息：
\dbomm=# ALTER TABLESPACE t_tbspace RENAME TO app_tbs; ALTER TABLESPACE omm=# \db List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location ------------+-------+----------------------- app_tbs | omm | tablespace/t_tbspace1 music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1 newtbs1 | omm | tablespace/test_ts2 pg_default | omm | pg_global | omm | (5 rows) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
7.删除表空间
--用户必须是表空间的owner或者系统管理员才能删除表空间。需要先删除表空间的对象，再删除表空间app_ts： drop table jack.foo ; DROP TABLESPACE app_tbs; \db- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
omm=# drop table jack.foo ; DROP TABLE omm=# DROP TABLESPACE app_tbs; DROP TABLESPACE omm=# \db List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location ------------+-------+--------------------- music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1 newtbs1 | omm | tablespace/test_ts2 pg_default | omm | pg_global | omm | (4 rows) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
三、课后作业
1、创建表空间t_tbspace、用户test，并使用test，在这个表空间上创建表t1
--创建用户test CREATE USER test IDENTIFIED BY 'hello@1234'; \du --创建表空间t_tbspace CREATE TABLESPACE t_tbspace RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/t_tbspace1'; \db --数据库系统管理员执行如下命令将“t_tbspace”表空间的访问权限赋予数据用户test。 GRANT CREATE ON TABLESPACE t_tbspace TO test; \c omm test CREATE TABLE t1(id int primary key,c1 char(9)) TABLESPACE t_tbspace; \q- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
root@modb:~# su - omm omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# CREATE USER test IDENTIFIED BY 'hello@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} jack | | {} | {} user1 | Sysadmin omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitor admin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} test | | {} omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE t_tbspace RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/t_tbspace1'; CREATE TABLESPACE omm=# \db music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1 newtbs1 | omm | tablespace/test_ts2 pg_default | omm | List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location ------------+-------+----------------------- omm=# pg_global | omm | t_tbspace | omm | tablespace/t_tbspace1 (5 rows) omm=# GRANT CREATE ON TABLESPACE t_tbspace TO test; GRANT omm=# \c omm test Password for user test: Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "omm" as user "test". omm=> CREATE TABLE t1(id int primary key,c1 char(9)) TABLESPACE t_tbspace; NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "t1_pkey" for table "t1" CREATE TABLE omm=>- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
2、查看表空间t_tbspace的oid和大小
select oid,* from pg_tablespace;
SELECT PG_TABLESPACE_SIZE(‘t_tbspace’);omm=> select oid,* from pg_tablespace; oid | spcname | spcowner | spcacl | spcoptions | spcmaxsize | r elative -------+------------+----------+------------------------+------------+------------+-- -------- 1663 | pg_default | 10 | | | | f 1664 | pg_global | 10 | | | | f 16389 | music_tbs | 10 | | | | t 16398 | newtbs1 | 10 | | | | t 16424 | t_tbspace | 10 | {omm=C/omm,test=C/omm} | | | t (5 rows) omm=> SELECT PG_TABLESPACE_SIZE('t_tbspace'); pg_tablespace_size -------------------- 8192 (1 row) omm=>- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
3、查看数据库在默认表空间下有哪些对象
with objectInDefaultTS as ( select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), reltablespace,relowner from pg_class a where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') and reltablespace='0' ) select * from objectInDefaultTS where relname not like 'pg_%' and relname not like 'gs_%' and relname not like 'sql_%' order by relpages desc;- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
omm=# with objectInDefaultTS as omm-# ( select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), omm(# reltablespace,relowner omm(# from pg_class a omm(# where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') and reltablespace='0' omm(# omm-# select * ) omm-# from objectInDefaultTS omm-# where relname not like 'pg_%' and relname not like 'gs_%' and relname not like 'sql_%' omm-# order by relpages desc; relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | rel tablespace | relowner ------------------------------------------+---------+----------+----------------+---- -----------+---------- streaming_reaper_status_id_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_reaper_status_oid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | streaming_gather_agg_index | i | 2 | 16 kB | 0 | 10 statement_history_time_idx | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 snapshot_id_key | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_lookupidxid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_schema_change_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 0 | 10 snapshot_pkey | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | streaming_stream_oid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | --More-- 0 | 10 t1_pkey | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 16420 0 | 10 streaming_stream_relid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_relid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_defrelid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_id_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_oid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query_matrelid_index | i | 1 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10 plan_table_data | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 statement_history | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_stream | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 snapshot | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_reaper_status | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 streaming_cont_query | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10 (22 rows)- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
4、查看数据库在非默认表空间下有哪些对象
--执行下面的SQL语句，查询数据库studentdb的非默认表空间t_tbspace下有哪些对象： select relname,relkind,relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), reltablespace,relowner from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') and a.reltablespace=tb.oid and tb.spcname='t_tbspace' order by a.relpages desc;- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
omm=# omm-# select relname,relkind,relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)), reltablespace,relowner omm-# omm-# from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb omm-# where a.relkind in ('r', 'i') and a.reltablespace=tb.oid omm-# and tb.spcname='t_tbspace' omm-# order by a.relpages desc; relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner ---------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+---------- t1 | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 16424 | 16420 (1 row) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
5、重命名表空间
–命名表空间t_tbspace为new_tbspace
ALTER TABLESPACE t_tbspace RENAME TO new_tbspace;
–执行下面的gsql命令，查看数据库当前的表空间信息：
\dbomm=# ALTER TABLESPACE t_tbspace RENAME TO new_tbspace; ALTER TABLESPACE omm=# \db List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location -------------+-------+----------------------- music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1 new_tbspace | omm | tablespace/t_tbspace1 newtbs1 | omm | tablespace/test_ts2 pg_default | omm | pg_global | omm | (5 rows) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
6、删除表空间
omm=# drop table test.t1; DROP TABLE omm=# drop tablespace new_tbspace; DROP TABLESPACE omm=# \db List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location ------------+-------+--------------------- music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1 newtbs1 | omm | tablespace/test_ts2 pg_default | omm | pg_global | omm | (4 rows) omm=#- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
-
相关阅读:
10大领域5大过程47子过程快速记忆
2022年Android面试之Jetpack（AAC框架）篇
长短期记忆网络（LSTM）原理解析
React Native 的手势和触摸事件
macOS下VS Code 使用记录（使用调试运行 Python/C 等）
测试除了点点点，还有哪些内容呢？
luffy项目前端创建、配置、解决跨域问题、后端数据库迁移
Orchestrator中的hooks函数
jmeter mysql 压测
Qt读取Json文件（含源码+注释）
- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40220309/article/details/128163854
