Using a lambda expression,we can make the code more compact and elegant。
在使用lambda表达式时,可以使代码更加简洁和优雅。
Lambda,希腊字母λ,在C#编程语言中,被引入为Lambda表达式,表示为匿名函数(匿名方法)。
编程时离不开函数,函数都有函数名和函数体,声明函数名是为了方便多次使用,可是很多时候函数只使用一次,那么函数名就变得多余,这样就产生了匿名函数(匿名方法)。
很多编程语言都有Lambde表达式,如Python、JavaScript、Java等等,这似乎是现代编程语言的标配了。
作为编程语言C#和编程环境Visual Stuidio的发展,总得不停地变幻出新花样,功能还是那个功能或者略有增强,得益于编译器的强大,C#3.0推出了Lambda表达式。
其实这些是非必要的,只是为C#编码增加一些色彩和亮点而已,但是别人总喜欢这么写,我们就得熟悉这些规则了。
举例1:计算两个整数的相加和相减。
① 一般写法
- //声明变量
- private delegate int calculate(int x, int y);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
- private calculate MyCalculate;//声明一个委托实例
-
- //声明函数
- private int Add(int x, int y)
- {
- return x+y;
- }
-
- private int Reduce(int x, int y)
- {
- return x - y;
- }
就可以直接使用了。
- MyCalculate = new calculate(Add);
- string StrResultAdd = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
- MyCalculate = new calculate(Reduce);
- string StrResultReduce = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
- //
- textBox1.Text = $"两数相加结果:{StrResultAdd}" + Environment.NewLine;
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+ $"两数相减结果:{StrResultReduce}" + Environment.NewLine;
② 使用自定义的委托
使用自定义的委托来使用Lamda可以让代码更简洁:
- MyCalculate = delegate(int x,int y)
- {
- return x + y;
- };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+"两数相加结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()+Environment.NewLine;
- MyCalculate = delegate (int x, int y)
- {
- return x - y;
- };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + "两数相减结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString() + Environment.NewLine;
上面得到的结果是一样的。
③ 使用Func委托
FUNC委托的重载:
Func
Func
Func
使用系统内置的FUNC命名的委托来写LambDa表达式:
- Func<int,int,int> MyAdd = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
- Func<int, int, int> MyReduce = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
-
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyAdd(7,2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyReduce(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
④ 使用规范的Lambda表达式
更简洁的写法:
- MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相加结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相减结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
完整代码:
- namespace Lambda
- {
- public partial class Form1 : Form
- {
- private delegate int calculate(int x, int y);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
- private calculate MyCalculate;//声明一个委托实例
-
- public Form1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
-
- private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- //1
- MyCalculate = new calculate(Add);
- string StrResultAdd = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
- MyCalculate = new calculate(Reduce);
- string StrResultReduce = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
- textBox1.Text = $"两数相加结果:{StrResultAdd}" + Environment.NewLine;
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+ $"两数相减结果:{StrResultReduce}" + Environment.NewLine;
- //2
- MyCalculate = delegate(int x,int y)
- {
- return x + y;
- };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+"两数相加结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()+Environment.NewLine;
- MyCalculate = delegate (int x, int y)
- {
- return x - y;
- };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + "两数相减结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString() + Environment.NewLine;
- //3
- Func<int,int,int> MyAdd = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
- Func<int, int, int> MyReduce = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyAdd(7,2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyReduce(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- //4
- MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相加结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相减结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- }
-
- private int Add(int x, int y)
- {
- return x+y;
- }
-
- private int Reduce(int x, int y)
- {
- return x - y;
- }
结果显示:

上面通过对比说明了Lambda表达式的应用,可以看出这样的写法相比传统的写法还是干净利落,的确简洁而优雅一些。
上面的可以改写:
- private delegate int calculate1(int x, int y,string str);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
- private calculate1 MyCalculate1;//声明一个委托实例
- MyCalculate1 = (int x, int y,string StrOP) => {
- switch (StrOP)
- {
- case "+":
- return x + y; break;
- case "-": return x - y; break;
- default: return 0; break;
- }
- };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyCalculate1(7, 2,"+").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyCalculate1(7, 2,"-").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
或者:
- Func<int, int, string,int> MyOperate = (int x, int y, string StrOP) => {
- switch (StrOP)
- {
- case "+":
- return x + y; break;
- case "-": return x - y; break;
- default: return 0;break;
- }
- };
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyOperate(7, 2,"+").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
- textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyOperate(7, 2,"-").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
从上面的代码演示中可以看出,Lambda与委托是紧密相连的或者说Lambda就是委托。
举例2:求几个数的最大值与最小值。
① 一般写法:
- private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:"+GetMax(new int[6]{7, 11,23,4,15,6}).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine;
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + GetMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- }
-
- private static int GetMax(int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach( int a in Arr)
- {
- if(a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
-
- return ReturnValue;
- }
-
- private static int GetMin(int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- }
② 使用委托来改写:
- //声明委托
- private delegate int GetMaxOrMin(int[] Arr);
- private GetMaxOrMin MyGetMaxOrMin;
-
- //定义函数
- private static int GetMax(int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach( int a in Arr)
- {
- if(a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
-
- return ReturnValue;
- }
-
- private static int GetMin(int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- }
-
- //使用
- private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- MyGetMaxOrMin = new GetMaxOrMin( GetMax);
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine;
- MyGetMaxOrMin = new GetMaxOrMin(GetMin);
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- }
③ 使用自定义的委托
- MyGetMaxOrMin=delegate(int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
-
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- MyGetMaxOrMin = delegate (int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + GetMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
到这里,我们看到这两个方法只是判断位置的代码略有不同,其他的都相同,那么这个地方就可以使用委托来代替,就是把判断方法当做参数传进去。
- private delegate Boolean Judge(int x,int y);//定义判断
- private Judge MyJudge;//实例化委托
-
- private delegate int GetMaxOrMin(int[] Arr,Judge j);//定义得到最大值或者最小值的计算方法
- private GetMaxOrMin MyGetMaxOrMin;//实例化
-
- private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- MyGetMaxOrMin=delegate(int[] Arr,Judge MyJude)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (MyJudge(a,ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 },MyJudge).ToString();
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 },MyJudge).ToString();
- }
上面的写法的效果是一样的。
④ 使用Func委托
- Func<int[],Judge,int> MyGetMax = (int[] Arr,Judge MyJudge) => {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (MyJudge(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 },MyJudge).ToString();
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
⑤ 使用更简洁的Lambda表达式
- var MyGetMaxOrMin1 = (int[] Arr,Judge J1 ) =>
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (J1(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- Judge JudgeMax = (int x, int y) => { return x > y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMax).ToString();
- Judge JudgeMin = (int x, int y) => { return x < y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMin).ToString();
或者:
- var MyGetMaxOrMin1 = (int[] Arr,Judge J1 ) =>
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (J1(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, (int x, int y) => { return x > y; }).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, (int x, int y) => { return x < y; }).ToString();
完整代码:
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
- using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
-
- namespace Lambda
- {
- public partial class Form1 : Form
- {
- private delegate int calculate(int x, int y);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
- private calculate MyCalculate;//声明一个委托实例
-
- private delegate int calculate1(int x, int y,string str);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
- private calculate1 MyCalculate1;//声明一个委托实例
-
- private delegate Boolean Judge(int x,int y);
- private Judge MyJudge;
-
- private delegate int GetMaxOrMinA(int[] Arr);
- private GetMaxOrMinA MyGetMaxOrMinA;
-
- private delegate int GetMaxOrMin(int[] Arr,Judge j);
- private GetMaxOrMin MyGetMaxOrMin;
-
- public Form1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
-
- private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + GetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + GetMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine +"=====" + Environment.NewLine;
-
- MyGetMaxOrMinA = new GetMaxOrMinA(GetMax);
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMinA(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- MyGetMaxOrMinA = new GetMaxOrMinA(GetMin);
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMinA(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine + "=====" + Environment.NewLine;
-
- MyGetMaxOrMin = delegate (int[] Arr, Judge MyJude)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (MyJudge(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine +"=====" + Environment.NewLine;
-
- Func<int[], Judge, int> MyGetMax = (int[] Arr, Judge MyJudge) =>
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (MyJudge(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
- MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
- textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine +"=====" + Environment.NewLine;
-
- var MyGetMaxOrMin1 = (int[] Arr,Judge Judge1 ) =>
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (Judge1(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- };
- Judge JudgeMax = (int x, int y) => { return x > y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMax).ToString();
- Judge JudgeMin = (int x, int y) => { return x < y; };
- textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMin).ToString();
-
- }
- private static int GetMax(int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach( int a in Arr)
- {
- if(a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
-
- return ReturnValue;
- }
-
- private static int GetMin(int[] Arr)
- {
- int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
- foreach (int a in Arr)
- {
- if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
- }
- return ReturnValue;
- }
-
- private static List<int> GetEven(List<int> list)
- {
- List<int> ReturnList =new List<int>();
- foreach (var a in list)
- {
- if (a %2 == 0) ReturnList.Add(a);
- }
- return ReturnList;
- }
-
- private static List<int> GetOdd(List<int> list)
- {
- List<int> ReturnList = new List<int>();
- foreach (var a in list)
- {
- if ( (a+1) % 2 == 0) ReturnList.Add(a);
- }
- return ReturnList;
- }
-
- }
- }
显示结果图:
