时间信息:
空间信息:
逻辑信息:
介
词
的
构
成
形
式
=
{
简单介词
短语介词
合成介词
分词介词
重叠介词
介词的构成形式 =
简单介词
短语介词
注:这里的短语介词和后面的介词短语是不同的概念,短语介词为介词,不单独表达完整意思,二介词短语已经是完成的意思了
合成介词
分词介词
重叠介词
学介词不能像其他单词一样,拼命找一个中文意思和它对应,如下:
book:n. 书籍, v.预定
in:≠ 里面,如 in two days,两天后
on:≠ 上面,如 on the left 在左边
with:≠ 和,如 angry with me 生我的气
切记给介词找个中文对号入座往往是不可能的
实际上介词是多义词
千万不能把中文介词和英文介词一一对应生搬硬套
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 在…里面。表示在一个三维空间的内部 | in the street |
| on | 在…上面。表示在一个物体的表面,二维的 | on the street |
| at | 在某处,指一个具体的确定的点 | at the office,at the cinema |
| above | 在…上方(不一定在正上方,不接触) | above his head. |
| below | 在…下方(低于某个平面,不接触) | below the horizon. |
| beneath | 在 … 下面(有接触) | beneath the blankets. |
| near | 在…附近,在…周边(有些距离) | near the bank |
| beside | 在…旁边 | beside the railway line. |
| next to | 紧挨着,下一个 | next to the gym. |
| in front of | 在…前方 | in front of the fire. |
| in the front of | 在一个范围内部的前边 | in the front of the classroom. |
| before | 在…之前 | before me. |
| behind | 在…后边 | behind her |
| between | 在…之间(两者之间)。between…and… | between Jo and Diana. |
| among | 在…之间。一般指三者及以上 | among the flowers. |
| toward,towards | 朝着…的方向 | towards the door. |
| opposite | 在…对面 | opposite her |
| against | 与…相反,倚,靠(对抗关系) | against the wall |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| up | 延…向上 | up the steps |
| down | 延…向下 | down the mountain |
| across / cross | (从表面)横过 | across the river |
| through | (从内部)穿过 | through the gate |
| to | 向,朝… | to Beijing |
| into | 到…里面(从外到里的过程) | into the water |
| onto | 到…上面 | onto the stage |
| off | 分离,分开,有一定距离 | off the bike |
| past | 经过,路过 | past the cafe |
| over | 越过,横空而过。在…上方 | over the fence |
| under | 在…下面(可以接触可以不接触,不确定) | under the bridge |
| along | 沿着;顺着 | along the yellow line |
| out of | 从里面出来 | out of the shop |
| round,around | 围绕,环绕,转圈 | round the corner |
补:beside 可以表示非空间含义上的比较
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 在范围相对较大的时间段内(早中晚 周季月年世纪) | in 2030;in winter;in December |
| on | 范围相对小一点,时间上(星期日期) | on Monday,on Christmas Day |
| at | 时间范围很小,表示非常确定的时间点(具体时刻) | at 6 o’clock;at noon;at sunset |
| during | 持续,在…期间(突出事件发生的时刻) | during the past 2 days,在过去的两天里 |
| for | (因为…)持续 ,强调持续一段时间 | I’ve been learning English for 2 years. |
| since | 自从 + 时间点 | since last week,自从上周以来 |
| before | 在…之前 | before Monday;before 2020 |
| after | 在…之后 | after two years |
| from…to… | 从…到… | from 9:00 to 10:00 |
| by | 不超过,不迟于,强调时间点之前(非持续性,瞬间行为) | by 2 o’clock,在两点之前;by tomorrow,在明天之前 |
| until | 直到…为止(强调事情持续性发生) | until 8 o’clock |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| in | …的方式 | Let’s talk in English. |
| through | 通过…方式 | We succeed through hard work. |
| by | 通过… | We learn English by watching videos. |
| with | 用… | We write with pens. |
| on | 通过(电子设备) | We talked on the phone. |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| for | 因为,由于 | This rabbit is famous for being able to speak. |
| with | …是和…分不开的原因 | The rabbit is shaking with cold.兔子冷得发抖。 |
| because of + 名词 | 因为… | because of ill health. |
| because + 句子 | 因为… | because I played so badly. |
| due to | 由于,在于… | due to bad weather. |
| owing to | 由于,在于 | Owing to bad weather |
| on account of | 由于,因为 | on account of ill health. |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| about | 关于 | Could you tell me something about your school? |
| of | 此外的,附加的,相关的 | He thought of something important. |
| on | Would you like to some advice on doing… |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 以…价 | at a high price ,at a fast rate |
| by | 后接度量标准 | They get paid by the hour.他们按小时拿报酬。 |
| for | 以…的价钱 | I bought these books for 100 Yuan.我买这些书花了100元。 |
| about | 大约 | about 5 dollars. |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 在 … 中(表示正在发生) | in progress 在进行中;in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地中 |
| on | 受到之下…的支持(的状态) | on a diet 在节食;on drugs 吃药 |
| at | 在某个状态 | at work;at dinner 在吃晚饭 |
| under | 在(框架/前提)下 | under construction在施工中,under discussion在讨论中 |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| besides | 除了…还 | I like many things besides carrots.除了胡萝卜,我还喜欢很多东西。 |
| except | 除了… | Everyone went to the party except the rabbit. 大家都去了聚会,除了兔子(偏剔除) |
| except for | 除了… | The party is great except for the loud music.聚会很棒,除了嘈杂的音乐。(偏反驳) |