centos安装Python3.8

查看系统版本

• 查看系统版本

  [root@owl local]# cat /etc/centos-release
  CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
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• 查看版本信息

  [root@owl local]# uname -a
  Linux owl.com 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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• 查看Python版本

  [root@owl local]# python -V
  Python 2.7.5
  [root@owl local]# python3 -V
  Python 3.6.8
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• 查看Python路径

  [root@owl local]# python -V
  Python 2.7.5
  [root@owl local]# whereis python
  python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3.6m /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib/python3.6 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python3.6 /etc/python /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/include/python3.6m /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
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• 查看Python指向

  [root@owl local]# python3 -V
  Python 3.6.8
  [root@owl local]# cd /usr/bin/
  [root@owl bin]# ll python*
  lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     7 11月 12 20:52 python -> python2
  lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     9 11月 12 20:52 python2 -> python2.7
  -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  7144 6月  28 23:30 python2.7
  lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     9 11月 12 20:52 python3 -> python3.6
  -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 11328 11月 17 2020 python3.6
  -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 11328 11月 17 2020 python3.6m
  -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   404 12月  6 2020 python3-html2text
  lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    17 11月 12 20:52 python-html2text -> python3-html2text
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由此可以系统默认安装了Python2.7和Python3.6

安装依赖$$下载Python

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum install libffi-devel -y
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wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz
tar -zxvf  Python-3.8.3.tgz
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编译Python && 创建软连接

• 编译Python

  mkdir /usr/local/python3 #创建编译安装目录
  cd Python-3.8.3
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
  make && make install
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  出现以下内容便是成功

  Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
  Successfully installed pip-19.2.3 setuptools-41.2.0

• 创建软连接

  # 查看当前python软连接
  ll /usr/bin/ |grep python
  
  -rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root      11232 10月  2 2020 abrt-action-analyze-python
  lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root         17 11月 12 20:52 html2text -> python3-html2text
  lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root         27 11月 14 00:11 pip -> /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
  lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root         30 11月 14 00:10 python -> /usr/local/python3/bin/python3
  lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root          9 11月 12 20:52 python2 -> python2.7
  -rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       7144 6月  28 23:30 python2.7
  lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root          9 11月 12 20:52 python3 -> python3.6
  -rwxr-xr-x.   2 root root      11328 11月 17 2020 python3.6
  -rwxr-xr-x.   2 root root      11328 11月 17 2020 python3.6m
  -rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root        404 12月  6 2020 python3-html2text
  lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root         17 11月 12 20:52 python-html2text -> python3-html2text
  
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  系统模式为Python2.7

  删除软连接&& 添加新链接

  rm -rf /usr/bin/python
  #添加python3的软链接 
  ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
  python -V
  
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• pip指向

  rm -rf /usr/bin/pip
  #添加 pip3 的软链接 
  ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
  
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更改yum配置

因为其要用到python2才能执行，否则会导致yum不能正常使用（不管安装 python3的那个版本，都必须要做的）

vi /usr/bin/yum 
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2 
vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down 
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2
vi /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
#!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2
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