• 基于QT Creator 5.14的仿QQ聊天系统【UDP通讯】

    一、使用工具

            本次整个项目的开发基于Qt Creator 5.14.2进行的开发与调试，主要通信功能采用UDPSocket完成，是我学习Qt过程中联系的小案例，过程中遇到的bug和完整代码会尽量展现出来，关于Qt以及其安装流程在CSDN里面有很多大佬写的教程，十分详细！！！

     二、软件实例效果图

     三、完整代码解读：

    dialoglist.h

    1. #ifndef DIALOGLIST_H
    2. #define DIALOGLIST_H
    3. #include 
    4. #include 
    5.  
    6.  
    7. namespace Ui {
    8. class DialogList;
    9. }
    10.  
    11. class DialogList : public QWidget
    12. {
    13.     Q_OBJECT
    14.  
    15. public:
    16.     explicit DialogList(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    17.     ~DialogList();
    18.     QVector<bool> isshow;  //判断当前窗口是否已被显示出
    19.  
    20.  
    21.  
    22. private:
    23.     Ui::DialogList *ui;
    24. };
    25.  
    26. #endif // DIALOGLIST_H

     dialoglist.cpp

    1. #include "dialoglist.h"
    2. #include "ui_dialoglist.h"
    3. #include 
    4. #include 
    5. #include 
    6. #include 
    7. #include 
    8.  
    9.  
    10. DialogList::DialogList(QWidget *parent) :
    11.     QWidget(parent),
    12.     ui(new Ui::DialogList)
    13. {
    14.     ui->setupUi(this);
    15.     setWindowIcon(QPixmap(":/images/校标.png"));
    16.     //容器保存10个toolbutton
    17.     QVector toolvector;
    18.     //记录头像图名加入泛型集合
    19.     QList name;
    20.     name<<"copy.Image"<<"cut.Image"<<"Hearts"<<"new.Image"<<"open.Image"<<"paste.Image"<<"print.Image"
    21.        <<"printPreview.Image"<<"save.Image"<<"校标";
    22.  
    23.  
    24.     //在toolbox容器中动态生成toolbutton按钮
    25.     for (int i=0;isize();i++)
    26.     {
    27.         QToolButton *btn = new QToolButton;
    28.         btn->setText(name[i]);
    29.         QString str = QString(":/images/"+name[i]+".png");
    30.         btn->setIcon(QPixmap(str));
    31.         btn->setIconSize(QSize(72,72));
    32.         btn->setAutoRaise(true);
    33.         btn->setToolButtonStyle(Qt::ToolButtonTextBesideIcon);
    34.         ui->vLayout->addWidget(btn);
    35.         //将创建的10个toolbutton全部放入容器保存
    36.         toolvector.push_back (btn);
    37.         isshow.push_back(false);
    38.     }
    39.     //对10个toolbutton添加信号和槽函数
    40.     for (int i=0;isize();i++)
    41.     {
    42.         connect (toolvector[i],&QToolButton::clicked,[=](){
    43.             if(isshow[i]==true)
    44.             {
    45.                 QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","当前窗口已被打开");
    46.                 return;
    47.             }
    48.             else
    49.             {
    50.                 isshow[i]=true;
    51.                 Widget *widget = new Widget(0,toolvector[i]->text());
    52.                 widget->setWindowTitle(toolvector[i]->text());
    53.                 widget->setWindowIcon(toolvector[i]->icon());
    54.                 widget->show();
    55.  
    56.                 connect (widget,&Widget::closeWidget,[=](){
    57.                     isshow[i]=false;
    58.                 });
    59.             }
    60.         });
    61.  
    62.     }
    63.  
    64.  
    65. }
    66.  
    67. DialogList::~DialogList()
    68. {
    69.     delete ui;
    70. }

    widget.h

    1. #ifndef WIDGET_H
    2. #define WIDGET_H
    3. #include
    4. #include 
    5. #include 
    6.  
    7.  
    8. QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
    9. namespace Ui { class Widget; }
    10. QT_END_NAMESPACE
    11.  
    12. class Widget : public QWidget
    13. {
    14.     Q_OBJECT
    15.  
    16. public:
    17.     Widget(QWidget *parent,QString name);
    18.     ~Widget();
    19.  
    20. private:
    21.     Ui::Widget *ui;
    22.  
    23.  
    24. signals:
    25.     //关闭窗口发送关闭信号
    26.     void closeWidget();
    27. public:
    28.     //窗口关闭事件
    29.     void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *);
    30.  
    31. public:
    32.     enum MsgType{Msg,UsrEnter,UsrLeft};
    33.     void sendMsg(MsgType type); //广播UDP消息
    34.     void usrEnter(QString usrname); //新用户进入
    35.     void usrLeft(QString usrname,QString time); //处理用户离开
    36.     QString getUsr(); //获取用户名
    37.     QString getMsg(); //获取聊天信息
    38. private:
    39.     QUdpSocket *udpSocket; //UDP套接字
    40.     qint16 port;  //端口
    41.     QString Uname; //用户名
    42.     void ReceiveMsg(); //接收UDP消息
    43.  
    44. };
    45. #endif // WIDGET_H

    widget.cpp

    1. #include "widget.h"
    2. #include "ui_widget.h"
    3. #include 
    4. #include 
    5. #include 
    6. #include 
    7. #include 
    8. #include 
    9. #include 
    10. #include 
    11.  
    12. Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent,QString name)
    13.     : QWidget(parent)
    14.     , ui(new Ui::Widget)
    15. {
    16.     ui->setupUi(this);
    17.     udpSocket = new QUdpSocket(this);
    18.     //用户名获取
    19.     Uname=name;
    20.     //端口号获取
    21.     this->port=9999;
    22.     //绑定端口号  共享地址 和 断线重连
    23.     udpSocket->bind(port,QUdpSocket::ShareAddress | QUdpSocket::ReuseAddressHint);
    24.  
    25.     //发送新用户进入
    26.     sendMsg(UsrEnter);
    27.  
    28.     //点击按钮发送信息
    29.     connect (ui->sendbtn,&QPushButton::clicked,[=](){
    30.         sendMsg(Msg);
    31.     });
    32.     //监听别人发送的数据
    33.     connect (udpSocket,&QUdpSocket::readyRead,this,&Widget::ReceiveMsg);
    34.  
    35.     //退出程序
    36.     connect (ui->quitbtn,&QPushButton::clicked,[=](){
    37.         this->close();
    38.     });
    39.  
    40.     /辅助功能///
    41.     //设置字体
    42.     connect(ui->fontComboBox,&QFontComboBox::currentFontChanged,[=](const QFont &font){
    43.         ui->msgtextEdit->setFont(font);
    44.     });
    45.     //设置字号[应用函数指针]
    46.     void(QComboBox:: *p)(const QString &text) =&QComboBox::currentIndexChanged;
    47.     connect(ui->sizecomboBox, p ,[=](const QString &text){
    48.         ui->msgtextEdit->setFontPointSize(text.toDouble());
    49.         ui->msgtextEdit->setFocus();
    50.     });
    51.     //加粗
    52.     connect(ui->Boldbtn,&QToolButton::clicked,[=](bool checked){
    53.         if (checked)
    54.         {
    55.            ui->msgtextEdit->setFontWeight(QFont::Bold);
    56.         }
    57.         else
    58.         {
    59.            ui->msgtextEdit->setFontWeight(QFont::Normal);
    60.         }
    61.     });
    62.     //倾斜
    63.     connect(ui->Itabtn,&QToolButton::clicked,[=](bool checked){
    64.         if (checked)
    65.         {
    66.            ui->msgtextEdit->setFontItalic(true);
    67.         }
    68.         else
    69.         {
    70.            ui->msgtextEdit->setFontItalic(false);
    71.         }
    72.     });
    73.     //下划线
    74.     connect(ui->underlinebtn,&QToolButton::clicked,[=](bool checked){
    75.         if (checked)
    76.         {
    77.            ui->msgtextEdit->setFontUnderline(true);
    78.         }
    79.         else
    80.         {
    81.            ui->msgtextEdit->setFontUnderline(false);
    82.         }
    83.     });
    84.     //字体颜色
    85.     connect(ui->colorbtn,&QToolButton::clicked,[=](){
    86.         QColor color = QColorDialog::getColor(Qt::red);
    87.         ui->msgtextEdit->setTextColor(color);
    88.     });
    89.     //清空删除聊天记录
    90.     connect(ui->deletebtn,&QToolButton::clicked,[=](){
    91.         ui->msgBrowser->clear();
    92.     });
    93.     //保存聊天记录
    94.     connect(ui->savebtn,&QToolButton::clicked,[=](){
    95.         if (ui->msgBrowser->document ()->isEmpty())
    96.         {
    97.             QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","聊天记录不能为空");
    98.             return;
    99.         }
    100.         else
    101.         {
    102.             QString savepath =  QFileDialog::getSaveFileName (this,"save","聊天记录","(*.txt)");
    103.             if (savepath.isEmpty())
    104.             {
    105.                 QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","路径不能为空");
    106.                 return;
    107.             }
    108.             else
    109.             {
    110.                 QFile file(savepath);
    111.                 file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text);
    112.                 QTextStream stream(&file);
    113.                 stream << ui->msgBrowser->toPlainText();
    114.                 file.close();
    115.                 QMessageBox::information (this,"Tip","保存成功");
    116.             }
    117.         }
    118.     });
    119.  
    120. }
    121.  
    122. Widget::~Widget()
    123. {
    124.     delete ui;
    125. }
    126.  
    127. //窗口关闭事件
    128. void Widget::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *)
    129. {
    130.     emit this->closeWidget();
    131.     //发送用户离开
    132.     sendMsg(UsrLeft);
    133.     //关闭套接字
    134.     udpSocket->close ();
    135.     udpSocket->destroyed ();
    136. }
    137. //广播UDP消息
    138. void Widget::sendMsg(MsgType type)
    139. {
    140.     QByteArray array=QByteArray(10000,0);
    141.     QDataStream stream(&array,QIODevice::WriteOnly);
    142.     //第一段 获取信息类型 第二段 用户名
    143.     stream<getUsr();
    144.     switch (type)
    145.     {
    146.     case Msg:
    147.         //如果输入框为空，则提示警告
    148.         if (ui->msgtextEdit->toPlainText()=="") {
    149.             QMessageBox::warning(this,"Tip Message","输入框不允许为空",QMessageBox::Close);
    150.             return;
    151.         }
    152.         //第三段 合并获取到的消息
    153.         stream<<getMsg();
    154.         break;
    155.     case UsrEnter:  //用户进入信息
    156.  
    157.         break;
    158.     case UsrLeft:  //用户离开信息
    159.  
    160.         break;
    161.     default:
    162.         break;
    163.     }
    164.  
    165.     //书写报文 广播发送
    166.     udpSocket->writeDatagram(array,QHostAddress::Broadcast,port);
    167. }
    168.  
    169. //新用户进入
    170. void Widget::usrEnter(QString usrname)
    171. {
    172.     bool isempty = ui->usrtableWidget->findItems (usrname,Qt::MatchExactly).isEmpty();
    173.     if (isempty)
    174.     {
    175.         ui->msgBrowser->setTextColor (Qt::gray);
    176.         ui->msgBrowser->append (usrname+" 上线了！");
    177.         QTableWidgetItem *usr = new QTableWidgetItem(usrname);
    178.         ui->usrtableWidget->insertRow(0);
    179.         ui->usrtableWidget->setItem(0,0,usr);
    180.         QString online = QString("在线人数为：%1").arg(ui->usrtableWidget->rowCount());
    181.         ui->label->setText (online);
    182.         //把自身信息广播出去
    183.         sendMsg (UsrEnter);
    184.     }
    185.  
    186. }
    187.  
    188. //处理用户离开
    189. void Widget::usrLeft(QString usrname,QString time)
    190. {
    191.     bool isempty = ui->usrtableWidget->findItems (usrname,Qt::MatchExactly).isEmpty();
    192.     if (!isempty)
    193.     {
    194.         int r = ui->usrtableWidget->findItems(usrname,Qt::MatchExactly).first()->row();
    195.         ui->usrtableWidget->removeRow(r);
    196.         //追加聊天记录
    197.         ui->msgBrowser->setTextColor(Qt::gray);
    198.         ui->msgBrowser->append (QString("%1 at %2 离开").arg (usrname).arg(time));
    199.         //在线人数更新
    200.         ui->label->setText (QString("在线人数为：%1").arg(ui->usrtableWidget->rowCount()));
    201.     }
    202.  
    203. }
    204. //获取用户名
    205. QString Widget::getUsr()
    206. {
    207.     return this->Uname;
    208. }
    209. //获取聊天信息
    210. QString Widget::getMsg()
    211. {
    212.     QString str = ui->msgtextEdit->toHtml();
    213.     ui->msgtextEdit->clear();
    214.     ui->msgtextEdit->setFocus();
    215.     return str;
    216. }
    217. //接收UDP消息
    218. void Widget::ReceiveMsg()
    219. {
    220.     //拿到数据报文
    221.     qint64 size = udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize();
    222.     QByteArray array=QByteArray(10000,0);
    223.     udpSocket->readDatagram(array.data(),size);
    224.     //解析数据
    225.     QDataStream stream(&array,QIODevice::ReadOnly);
    226.     int msgType;
    227.     QString usrName;
    228.     QString msg;
    229.     QString time = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString ("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
    230.     stream>>msgType;
    231.     switch (msgType)
    232.     {
    233.     case Msg: //普通聊天
    234.     {
    235.         stream>>usrName>>msg;
    236.         //追加聊天记录
    237.         ui->msgBrowser->setTextColor(Qt::blue);
    238.         ui->msgBrowser->append("["+usrName+"]"+time);
    239.         ui->msgBrowser->append(msg);
    240.         break;
    241.     }
    242.     case UsrEnter:
    243.     {
    244.         stream>>usrName;
    245.         usrEnter(usrName);
    246.         break;
    247.     }
    248.     case UsrLeft:
    249.     {
    250.         stream>>usrName;
    251.         QString time = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString ("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
    252.         usrLeft(usrName,time);
    253.         break;
    254.     }
    255.     default:
    256.         break;
    257.     }
    258. }

     ★UDP通信使用流程如下：

     

    关键核心易出错部分，解析：

    1.针对有重载的信号或槽函数，使用时要注意用到函数指针 void(作用域：：*p)(int a) =&...

    1. //设置字号[应用函数指针]
    2.     void(QComboBox:: *p)(const QString &text) =&QComboBox::currentIndexChanged;
    3.     connect(ui->sizecomboBox, p ,[=](const QString &text){
    4.         ui->msgtextEdit->setFontPointSize(text.toDouble());
    5.         ui->msgtextEdit->setFocus();
    6.     });

     2.写文本文件到本地，将指定文本保存到本地：

    1. QString savepath =  QFileDialog::getSaveFileName (this,"save","聊天记录","(*.txt)");
    2.             if (savepath.isEmpty())
    3.             {
    4.                 QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","路径不能为空");
    5.                 return;
    6.             }
    7.             else
    8.             {
    9.                 QFile file(savepath);
    10.                 file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text);
    11.                 QTextStream stream(&file);
    12.                 stream << ui->msgBrowser->toPlainText();
    13.                 file.close();
    14.                 QMessageBox::information (this,"Tip","保存成功");
    15.             }

    3. 广播UDP信息：

    1. //广播UDP消息
    2. void Widget::sendMsg(MsgType type)
    3. {
    4.     QByteArray array=QByteArray(10000,0);
    5.     QDataStream stream(&array,QIODevice::WriteOnly);
    6.     //第一段 获取信息类型 第二段 用户名
    7.     stream<getUsr();
    8.     switch (type)
    9.     {
    10.     case Msg:
    11.         //如果输入框为空，则提示警告
    12.         if (ui->msgtextEdit->toPlainText()=="") {
    13.             QMessageBox::warning(this,"Tip Message","输入框不允许为空",QMessageBox::Close);
    14.             return;
    15.         }
    16.         //第三段 合并获取到的消息
    17.         stream<<getMsg();
    18.         break;
    19.     case UsrEnter:  //用户进入信息
    20.  
    21.         break;
    22.     case UsrLeft:  //用户离开信息
    23.  
    24.         break;
    25.     default:
    26.         break;
    27.     }
    28.  
    29.     //书写报文 广播发送
    30.     udpSocket->writeDatagram(array,QHostAddress::Broadcast,port);
    31. }

    4. 接收DUP信息：

    1. //接收UDP消息
    2. void Widget::ReceiveMsg()
    3. {
    4.     //拿到数据报文
    5.     qint64 size = udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize();
    6.     QByteArray array=QByteArray(10000,0);
    7.     udpSocket->readDatagram(array.data(),size);
    8.     //解析数据
    9.     QDataStream stream(&array,QIODevice::ReadOnly);
    10.     int msgType;
    11.     QString usrName;
    12.     QString msg;
    13.     QString time = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString ("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
    14.     stream>>msgType;
    15.     switch (msgType)
    16.     {
    17.     case Msg: //普通聊天
    18.     {
    19.         stream>>usrName>>msg;
    20.         //追加聊天记录
    21.         ui->msgBrowser->setTextColor(Qt::blue);
    22.         ui->msgBrowser->append("["+usrName+"]"+time);
    23.         ui->msgBrowser->append(msg);
    24.         break;
    25.     }
    26.     case UsrEnter:
    27.     {
    28.         stream>>usrName;
    29.         usrEnter(usrName);
    30.         break;
    31.     }
    32.     case UsrLeft:
    33.     {
    34.         stream>>usrName;
    35.         QString time = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString ("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
    36.         usrLeft(usrName,time);
    37.         break;
    38.     }
    39.     default:
    40.         break;
    41.     }
    42. }

    5. 向控件TableWidget中插入内容（以下例子为插入指定的usrname）：

    1. bool isempty = ui->usrtableWidget->findItems(usrname,Qt::MatchExactly).isEmpty();
    2.     if (isempty)
    3.     {
    4.         QTableWidgetItem *usr = new QTableWidgetItem(usrname);
    5.         ui->usrtableWidget->insertRow(0);
    6.         ui->usrtableWidget->setItem(0,0,usr);
    7.     }

                                                         后续其他练习实例同步更新，完结！

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50016546/article/details/127689663