Docker手把手教程（三）实践 & 数据管理（数据卷）

docker pull mysql:5.7

docker run --name mysql -d -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7

#之前已经下载过mysql镜像，所以我们选择直接run,并进行挂载绑定等参数设置
[root@localhost seven]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
> -v /opt/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
> -v /opt/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name my_mysql mysql:5.7
#返回一个容器id号
33b472f8eec2bb2e7d5491427bf9546285725a11c5989f49620aebc3164a1d57
#进入mysql容器里
[root@localhost seven]# docker exec -it 33 /bin/bash
#登录数据库
root@33b472f8eec2:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
 
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table dog(id int,name varchar(255));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
 
mysql> insert into dog value(1,"tom");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> select * from dog;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | tom  |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> exit
Bye
root@33b472f8eec2:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost seven]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
33b472f8eec2        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint..."   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   my_mysql
#停止并卸载mysql容器
[root@localhost seven]# docker stop 33
33
[root@localhost seven]# docker rm 33
33
#下面的命令时进入到挂载的宿主机的目录里查看是否有东西（数据持久化，所以数据都已保存在这里，
#不会因为删除容器而导致数据丢失）
[root@localhost seven]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
mysql  rh  webapps
[root@localhost opt]# cd mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
conf  data
[root@localhost mysql]# cd data/
[root@localhost data]# ls
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      mysql               public_key.pem   sys
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  performance_schema  server-cert.pem  test
ca.pem      ib_buffer_pool   ib_logfile1  private_key.pem     server-key.pem
[root@localhost data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost data]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
e933a93178de        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"        3 hours ago         Exited (143) 2 hours ago                       mytomcat1
29cb2fd3634e        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"        3 hours ago         Exited (143) 3 hours ago                       mytomcat
44bed10f18b6        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint..."   15 hours ago        Exited (0) 5 hours ago                         mysql
4b253ba77689        java                "java -version"          18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                        eager_fermi
7ce7bdf289d8        hello-world         "/hello"                 20 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                        hardcore_nightingale
81547f6c4634        hello-world         "/hello"                 45 hours ago        Exited (0) 45 hours ago                        gracious_golick
#下面的操作时重新启动数据库然后进行查找，发现依然能够查找到数据
#说明数据并没有因为删除容器而丢失
[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -v /opt/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /opt/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name my_mysql mysql:5.7
23fdffe2f34113782fa3de85e6ce8c193e3e0db7b6cba05c7e57014b3ed8d23b
[root@localhost data]# docker exec -it 23 /bin/bash
root@23fdffe2f341:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.09 sec)
 
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> select * from test;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.test' doesn't exist
mysql> show table;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 1
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| dog            |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from dog;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | tom  |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

具名和匿名挂载

-V 容器内路径 #匿名挂载，系统帮我们指定了一个路径，但是没有明确告诉我们在哪，用docker inspect 容器id 可以查到，输出的信息里Mounts属性下有Source和Destination，Source就是系统给我们指定的路径，Destination就是咱们自己指定的容器内路径，这个方式一般用的少，下面两种方式用的比较多。

-v 卷名:容器内路径 #具名挂载

-v /宿主内路径:容器内路径 #指定路径挂载