python-web开发[16-18]之Django开发

day16 Django开发

主题：员工管理系统

1.新建项目

2.创建app

python manage.py startapp app01
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在这里插入图片描述
页面执行了“python manage.py”
注册app：

3.设计表结构（django）

from django.db import models

class Department(models.Model):
    """ 部门表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
    
    # 特定条件1: 增加部门，存在一个特定的维表
    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
    
    # 1.有约束(校验写入的数据是否OK，例如增加的部门只能在现有部门表中进行插入，如果在部门表中找不到，就报错)
    #   - to，与那张表关联
    #   - to_field，表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    #   - 写的depart
    #   - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.当部门表被删除时
    # ### 3.1 级联删除(直接删除用户表中相应部门的信息)
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ### 3.2 置空(直接将用户表中相应用户的部门信息为空)
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
	
    # 特定条件2: 某个字段的取值是一个有限的枚举类型。
    # 在django中做的约束
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
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在这里插入图片描述

4.在MySQL中生成表

工具连接MySQL生成数据库。

create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
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修改配置文件，连接MySQL

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'gx_day16',  # 数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'xxx',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 那台机器安装了MySQL
        'PORT': 3306,
    }
}
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django命令生成数据库表

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
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在这里插入图片描述

表结构创建成功：
运行，根据上述的models.py成功创建了用户表和部门表

5.静态文件管理

static目录、 templates模板html文件夹

6.部门管理

体验，最原始方法来做。
Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件（方便）

期望后台部门管理的页面：在这里插入图片描述

7.模板的继承

在这里插入图片描述

从一个页面跳转到另一个页面的查询逻辑顺序：
原始html文件中的href地址 ->
从urls.py中找到相应的views视图函数 ->
进入views.py中找到相应的函数 ->
进入该函数中的相应html文件，进行相应的页面跳转

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    # 部门管理
    path('depart/list/', views.depart_list),
    path('depart/add/', views.depart_add),
    path('depart/delete/', views.depart_delete),
    path('depart//edit/', views.depart_edit),  # url中增加动态参数


    path('user/list/', views.user_list),
    path('user/add/', views.user_add),

    path('user/model/form/add/', views.user_model_form_add),
]
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from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models

def depart_list(request):
    """ 部门列表 """

    # 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表
    #  [对象,对象,对象]
    queryset = models.Department.objects.all()

    return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})


def depart_add(request):
    """ 添加部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'depart_add.html')

    # 获取用户POST提交过来的数据（title输入为空）
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 保存到数据库
    models.Department.objects.create(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_delete(request):
    """ 删除部门 """
    # 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')

    # 删除
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_edit(request, nid):
    """ 修改部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        # 根据nid，获取他的数据 [obj,]
        row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})

    # 获取用户提交的标题
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新
    # models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")
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部门列表

{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %}  
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/">   
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建部门
            a>
        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                部门列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>名称th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.title }}td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑a>  
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除a>  
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}
                tbody>
            table>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}  
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添加部门

{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %} 
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编辑部门

{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"
                               value="{{ row_object.title }}"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %} 
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问题描述： 一个后台系统中各个页面有共同的部分内容，同时这个内容是动态变化的，因此不可以在每个页面的html中单独写(如果这样的话，会导致- 如果需要修改，需要将所有相关的页面都进行修改调整，维护难度大)，而是选择创建一个模板，将内容写在该模板中，让相关页面来继承即可。
定义模板：layout.html

DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Titletitle>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
head>
<body>
    <h1>标题h1>
    <div>
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}  
    div>
    <h1>底部h1>
    
    <script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}">script>
    {% block js %}{% endblock %}
body>
html>
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** 注：** 当不同页面中有的继承的模板不太完全一样的时候，可以采用自定义的{% block js %}{% endblock %}或者{% block css %}{% endblock %}来实现差异化的定义模板，然后在子页面中引用继承相应的模板内容即可，具体的定义模板和模板继承方法如上如下。
相应页面继承母版的固定格式：

{% extends 'layout.html' %} 

{% block css %} 
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}">
	<style>
		...
	style>
{% endblock %} 


{% block content %} 
    <h1>首页h1>
{% endblock %}


{% block js %}
	<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}">script>
{% endblock %}
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8.用户管理

insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("韩超","666",23,100.68,"2020-01-11",2,1);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘东","123",23,100.68,"2010-11-11",1,4);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("朱虎飞","999",33,9900.68,"2021-05-11",1,1);
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+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field       | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id          | bigint(20)    | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name        | varchar(16)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password    | varchar(64)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age         | int(11)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| account     | decimal(10,2) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| create_time | datetime(6)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| gender      | smallint(6)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| depart_id   | bigint(20)    | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
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在这里插入图片描述

新建用户：

原始方式理思路：不会采用（本质）【麻烦】

- 用户提交数据没有校验。
- 错误，页面上应该有错误提示。
- 页面上，没一个字段都需要我们重新写一遍。     [OK]
- 关联的数据，手动去获取并展示循环展示在页面。  [OK]
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Django组件
- Form组件（小简便）
- ModelForm组件（最简便）

截止目前的项目代码和框架列表：
在这里插入图片描述

"""
Django settings for day16 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.9.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-hkrj5qe6)4-oe)g&+s-_)90r8$$fk_*a1w33=2wikt4!^4_h6c'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'day16.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'day16.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases

# DATABASES = {
#     'default': {
#         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#         'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
#     }
# }

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'gx_day16',  # 数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root123',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 那台机器安装了MySQL
        'PORT': 3306,
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/

# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

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from django.db import models


class Department(models.Model):
    """ 部门表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")

    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
    # 1.有约束
    #   - to，与那张表关联
    #   - to_field，表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    #   - 写的depart
    #   - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.部门表被删除
    # ### 3.1 级联删除
    depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ### 3.2 置空
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    # 在django中做的约束
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
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"""day16 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 部门管理
    path('depart/list/', views.depart_list),
    path('depart/add/', views.depart_add),
    path('depart/delete/', views.depart_delete),
    path('depart//edit/', views.depart_edit),
    
    path('user/list/', views.user_list),
    path('user/add/', views.user_add)
]

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from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models


def depart_list(request):
    """ 部门列表 """

    # 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表
    #  [对象,对象,对象]
    queryset = models.Department.objects.all()

    return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})


def depart_add(request):
    """ 添加部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'depart_add.html')

    # 获取用户POST提交过来的数据（title输入为空）
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 保存到数据库
    models.Department.objects.create(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_delete(request):
    """ 删除部门 """
    # 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')

    # 删除
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_edit(request, nid):
    """ 修改部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        # 根据nid，获取他的数据 [obj,]
        row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})

    # 获取用户提交的标题
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新
    # models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def user_list(request):
    """ 用户管理 """

    # 获取数据库中的所有用户列表 [obj, obj, obj]
    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    """
    # 用Python的语法获取数据;; 我们也可以直接选择在html中进行相应的循环获取数据
    for obj in queryset:
        print(obj.id, obj.name, obj.account, obj.create_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"), obj.gender, obj.get_gender_display(), obj.depart_id, obj.depart.title)
        # print(obj.name, obj.depart_id)
        # obj.depart_id  # 获取数据库中存储的那个字段值
        # obj.depart.title  # 根据id自动去关联的表(depart)中获取哪一行数据depart对象。
    """
    return render(request, 'user_list.html', {"queryset": queryset})


def user_add(request):
    """ 添加用户（原始方式） """

    if request.method == "GET": # 获取 get请求 的内容
        context = {
            'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices,
            "depart_list": models.Department.objects.all()
        }
        return render(request, 'user_add.html', context)

    # 获取用户提交的数据  # 获取 post请求 的内容
    user = request.POST.get('user')
    pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
    age = request.POST.get('age')
    account = request.POST.get('ac')
    ctime = request.POST.get('ctime')
    gender = request.POST.get('gd')
    depart_id = request.POST.get('dp')

    # 添加到数据库中
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=user, password=pwd, age=age,
                                   account=account, create_time=ctime,
                                   gender=gender, depart_id=depart_id)

    # 返回到用户列表页面
    return redirect("/user/list/")
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{% load static %}
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Titletitle>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
    <style>
        .navbar {
            border-radius: 0;
        }
    style>
head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">   
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
                    data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigationspan>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
            button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> 联通用户管理系统 a>
        div>
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">   
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理a>li>  
                <li><a href="/user/list/">用户管理a>li>    
                <li><a href="#">Linka>li>


            ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">登录a>li>

                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
                       aria-expanded="false">武沛齐 <span class="caret">span>a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">个人资料a>li>
                        <li><a href="#">我的信息a>li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider">li>
                        <li><a href="#">注销a>li>
                    ul>
                li>
            ul>
        div>
    div>
nav>

<div>
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}    
div>


<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}">script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}">script>
body>
html>
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %}  
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/">   
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建部门
            a>
        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                部门列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>名称th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.title }}td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑a>  
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除a>  
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}
                tbody>
            table>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}  
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %} 
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"
                               value="{{ row_object.title }}"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %} 
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建用户
            a>

            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/model/form/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建用户ModelForm
            a>
        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                用户列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>姓名th>
                    <th>密码th>
                    <th>年龄th>
                    <th>余额th>
                    <th>入职时间th>
                    <th>性别th>
                    <th>所属部门th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.name }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.password }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.age }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.account }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.create_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}td> 
                        <td>{{ obj.get_gender_display }}td>  
                        <td>{{ obj.depart.title }}td>  
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="#">编辑a>
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="#">删除a>
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}

                tbody>
            table>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}  
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>姓名label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="user" />
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>密码label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" name="pwd"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>年龄label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>余额label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="余额" name="ac"/>
                    div>


                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>入职时间label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="入职时间" name="ctime"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>性别label>
                        <select class="form-control" name="gd"> 
                            {% for item in gender_choices %}
                                <option value="{{ item.0 }}">{{ item.1 }}option>
                            {% endfor %}
                        select>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>部门label>
                        <select class="form-control" name="dp">  
                            {% for item in depart_list %}
                                <option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.title }}option>
                            {% endfor %}
                        select>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}  
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8.1 初识Form

1. views.py

class MyForm(Form): # 创建一个form类
    user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input) # 定义相应的字段，前端自动的识别成一个输入框
    pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm() # 类的实例化
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
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2.user_add.html

<form method="post">
    {% for field in form%}
    	{{ field }} { from.user }},对于类似chioces等字段，会直接展示下拉框，级连其他表时也可以自动识别是否需要下拉框-->
    {% endfor %}
    
form>
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<form method="post">
    {{ form.user }}
    {{ form.pwd }}
    {{ form.email }}
    
form>
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8.3 ModelForm(推荐)

0. models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
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1. views.py

class MyForm(ModelForm):
    xx = form.CharField*("...")
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name","password","age","xx"] ## 在此处写需要展示的字段，字段名和models.py中表字段一一对应即可


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
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2.user_add.html

<form method="post">
    {% for field in form%}
    	{{ field }}
    {% endfor %}
    
form>
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<form method="post">
    {{ form.user }}
    {{ form.pwd }}
    {{ form.email }}
    
form>
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截止目前项目的整体代码和框架总结：
在这里插入图片描述

"""
Django settings for day16 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.9.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-hkrj5qe6)4-oe)g&+s-_)90r8$$fk_*a1w33=2wikt4!^4_h6c'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'day16.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'day16.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases

# DATABASES = {
#     'default': {
#         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#         'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
#     }
# }

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'gx_day16',  # 数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root123',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 那台机器安装了MySQL
        'PORT': 3306,
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/

# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

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from django.db import models


class Department(models.Model):
    """ 部门表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")

    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
    # 1.有约束
    #   - to，与那张表关联
    #   - to_field，表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    #   - 写的depart
    #   - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.部门表被删除
    # ### 3.1 级联删除
    depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ### 3.2 置空
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    # 在django中做的约束
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
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"""day16 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    # 部门管理
    path('depart/list/', views.depart_list),
    path('depart/add/', views.depart_add),
    path('depart/delete/', views.depart_delete),
    path('depart//edit/', views.depart_edit),


    path('user/list/', views.user_list),
    path('user/add/', views.user_add),

    path('user/model/form/add/', views.user_model_form_add),
]
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from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models


def depart_list(request):
    """ 部门列表 """

    # 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表
    #  [对象,对象,对象]
    queryset = models.Department.objects.all()

    return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})


def depart_add(request):
    """ 添加部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'depart_add.html')

    # 获取用户POST提交过来的数据（title输入为空）
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 保存到数据库
    models.Department.objects.create(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_delete(request):
    """ 删除部门 """
    # 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')

    # 删除
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_edit(request, nid):
    """ 修改部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        # 根据nid，获取他的数据 [obj,]
        row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})

    # 获取用户提交的标题
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新
    # models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def user_list(request):
    """ 用户管理 """

    # 获取数据库中的所有用户列表 [obj, obj, obj]
    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    """
    # 用Python的语法获取数据;; 我们也可以直接选择在html中进行相应的循环获取数据
    for obj in queryset:
        print(obj.id, obj.name, obj.account, obj.create_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"), obj.gender, obj.get_gender_display(), obj.depart_id, obj.depart.title)
        # print(obj.name, obj.depart_id)
        # obj.depart_id  # 获取数据库中存储的那个字段值
        # obj.depart.title  # 根据id自动去关联的表(depart)中获取哪一行数据depart对象。
    """
    return render(request, 'user_list.html', {"queryset": queryset})


def user_add(request):
    """ 添加用户（原始方式） """

    if request.method == "GET": # 获取 get请求 的内容
        context = {
            'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices,
            "depart_list": models.Department.objects.all()
        }
        return render(request, 'user_add.html', context)

    # 获取用户提交的数据  # 获取 post请求 的内容
    user = request.POST.get('user')
    pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
    age = request.POST.get('age')
    account = request.POST.get('ac')
    ctime = request.POST.get('ctime')
    gender = request.POST.get('gd')
    depart_id = request.POST.get('dp')

    # 添加到数据库中
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=user, password=pwd, age=age,
                                   account=account, create_time=ctime,
                                   gender=gender, depart_id=depart_id)

    # 返回到用户列表页面
    return redirect("/user/list/")


# ################################# ModelForm 示例 #################################
from django import forms


class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): # 1：用户信息提交的页面表单
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=3, label="用户名") # 在此处增加相应的格式定义 - 自定义相应字段的要求，比如姓名的最小长度为3；密码的最小长度和正则表达式规范等

    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age", 'account', 'create_time', "gender", "depart"]
        # widgets = {
        #     "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        #     "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        #     "age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        # }

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # 针对类似关联其他表查询页面出现object时，可以采用该方法实现实例获取
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 循环找到所有的插件，添加了class="form-control" 为标签增加相应的样式
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # if name == "password":  # 判断对某个字段不加相应的样式
            #     continue
            field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label} # 批量设置form-control样式和默认底纹值


def user_model_form_add(request):  # 2：校验用户提交的信息，并往数据库中添加数据信息
    """ 添加用户（ModelForm版本）"""
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UserModelForm()
        return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})

    # 用户POST提交数据，数据校验。
    form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 如果数据合法，保存到数据库
        # {'name': '123', 'password': '123', 'age': 11, 'account': Decimal('0'), 'create_time': datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, tzinfo=), 'gender': 1, 'depart': }
        # print(form.cleaned_data)
        # models.UserInfo.objects.create(..)
        form.save()
        return redirect('/user/list/')

    # 校验失败（在页面上显示原始填写的信息 + 相应的错误信息）
    return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})
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{% load static %}
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Titletitle>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
    <style>
        .navbar {
            border-radius: 0;
        }
    style>
head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">   
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
                    data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigationspan>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
            button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> 联通用户管理系统 a>
        div>
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">   
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理a>li>  
                <li><a href="/user/list/">用户管理a>li>    
                <li><a href="#">Linka>li>


            ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">登录a>li>

                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
                       aria-expanded="false">武沛齐 <span class="caret">span>a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">个人资料a>li>
                        <li><a href="#">我的信息a>li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider">li>
                        <li><a href="#">注销a>li>
                    ul>
                li>
            ul>
        div>
    div>
nav>

<div>
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}    
div>


<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}">script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}">script>
body>
html>
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %}  
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/">   
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建部门
            a>
        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                部门列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>名称th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.title }}td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑a>  
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除a>  
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}
                tbody>
            table>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}  
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %} 
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"
                               value="{{ row_object.title }}"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %} 
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建用户
            a>

            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/model/form/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建用户ModelForm
            a>
        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                用户列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>姓名th>
                    <th>密码th>
                    <th>年龄th>
                    <th>余额th>
                    <th>入职时间th>
                    <th>性别th>
                    <th>所属部门th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.name }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.password }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.age }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.account }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.create_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}td> 
                        <td>{{ obj.get_gender_display }}td>  
                        <td>{{ obj.depart.title }}td>  
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="#">编辑a>
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="#">删除a>
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}

                tbody>
            table>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}  
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  

{% block content %} 
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>姓名label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="user" />
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>密码label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" name="pwd"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>年龄label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>余额label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="余额" name="ac"/>
                    div>


                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>入职时间label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="入职时间" name="ctime"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>性别label>
                        <select class="form-control" name="gd"> 
                            {% for item in gender_choices %}
                                <option value="{{ item.0 }}">{{ item.1 }}option>
                            {% endfor %}
                        select>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>部门label>
                        <select class="form-control" name="dp">  
                            {% for item in depart_list %}
                                <option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.title }}option>
                            {% endfor %}
                        select>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}  
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}  <!-- 固定搭配使用：继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容，复用-->


{% block content %}  <!-- 固定搭配使用：继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容，复用-->

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 </h3>
            </div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post" novalidate>
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span> <!-- 相应的错误信息展示，.0实现只展示第一个错误信息-->
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

{% endblock %}  <!-- 固定搭配使用：继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容，复用-->
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day17 Django开发

部门管理
用户管理
- 用户列表
- 新建用户

- ModelForm，针对数据库中的某个表。
- Form。
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8.4 编辑用户

点击编辑，跳转到编辑页面（将编辑行的ID携带过去）。
编辑页面（默认数据，根据ID获取并设置到页面中）
提交：
- 错误提示
- 数据校验
- 在数据库更新

models.UserInfo.filter(id=4).update(...)
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8.5 删除

def pretty_delete(request, nid):
    models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/pretty/list/')
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9.靓号管理

9.1 表结构

在这里插入图片描述

根据表结构的需求，在models.py中创建类（由类生成数据库中的表）。

class PrettyNum(models.Model):
    """ 靓号表 """
    mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)
    # 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=True
    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)

    level_choices = (
        (1, "1级"),
        (2, "2级"),
        (3, "3级"),
        (4, "4级"),
    )
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)

    status_choices = (
        (1, "已占用"),
        (2, "未使用")
    )
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)
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自己在数据模拟创建一些数据：

insert into app01_prettynum(mobile,price,level,status)values("111111111",19,1,1);
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mysql> select * from app01_prettynum;
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| id | mobile    | price | level | status |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
|  1 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
|  2 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
|  3 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
|  4 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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9.2 靓号列表

URL
函数
- 获取所有的靓号
- 结合html+render将靓号罗列出来

id	号码	价格	级别（中文）	状态（中文）
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9.3 新建靓号

列表点击跳转：/pretty/add/
URL
ModelForm类

from django import forms

class PrettyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
	...
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函数
- 实例化类的对象
- 通过render将对象传入到HTML中。
- 模板的循环展示所有的字段。
点击提交
- 数据校验
- 保存到数据库(例如手机号的特定校验)
- 跳转回靓号列表

9.4 编辑靓号

列表页面：/pretty/数字/edit/
URL
函数
- 根据ID获取当前编辑的对象
- ModelForm配合，默认显示数据。
- 提交修改。

不允许手机号修改可以采用如图的方法；或者直接在fields = [‘mobile’, ‘price’, ‘level’, ‘status’]中去掉mobile。
不允许手机号重复。

add添加模块：【手机号正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】

# [obj,obj,obj]
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888")

obj = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").first()

# True/False
exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exists()
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edit编辑模块：【手机号正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】

排除自己以外，其他的数据是否手机号是否重复？

# id!=2 and mobile='1888888888'
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exclude(id=2)
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在这里插入图片描述

9.5 搜索手机号

models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="19999999991",id=12)

data_dict = {"mobile":"19999999991","id":123}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
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models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=12)       # 等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gt=12)   # 大于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gte=12)  # 大于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lt=12)   # 小于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lte=12)  # 小于等于12

data_dict = {"id__lte":12}  # 小于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
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models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="999")               # 等于
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__startswith="1999")  # 筛选出以1999开头
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__endswith="999")     # 筛选出以999结尾
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains="999")     # 筛选出包含999

data_dict = {"mobile__contains":"999"}  # 筛选出包含999
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
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9.6 分页

queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()

queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1)[0:10]


# 第1页：前10条
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[0:10]

# 第2页：第2个10条
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[10:20]

# 第3页：第3个10条
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[20:30]
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data = models.PrettyNum.objects.all().count() # 数据表的整体条数
data = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1).count() # 符合相应条件的数据表条数
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分页的逻辑和处理规则
封装分页类
- 从头到尾开发
- 写项目用【pagination.py】公共组件。
小Bug，搜索 + 分页情况下：点击分页时候，需要先保留原来的搜索条件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888
http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?page=1
http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888&page=23
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在这里插入图片描述

"""
自定义的分页组件，以后如果想要使用这个分页组件，你需要做如下几件事：

1: 在views.py视图函数中：
    def pretty_list(request):

        # 1.根据自己的情况去筛选自己的数据
        queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()

        # 2.实例化分页对象
        page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)

        context = {
            "queryset": page_object.page_queryset,  # 分完页的数据
            "page_string": page_object.html()       # 生成页码
        }
        return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)

2: 在HTML页面中

    {% for obj in queryset %}
        {{obj.xx}}
    {% endfor %}

    
        {{ page_string }}
    

"""

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe


class Pagination(object):

    def __init__(self, request, queryset, page_size=10, page_param="page", plus=5):
        """
        :param request: 请求的对象
        :param queryset: 符合条件的数据（根据这个数据给他进行分页处理）
        :param page_size: 每页显示多少条数据
        :param page_param: 在URL中传递的获取分页的参数，例如：/etty/list/?page=12
        :param plus: 显示当前页的 前或后几页（页码）例如本文的前后展示5页
        """

        from django.http.request import QueryDict
        import copy
        query_dict = copy.deepcopy(request.GET)
        query_dict._mutable = True
        self.query_dict = query_dict

        self.page_param = page_param
        page = request.GET.get(page_param, "1")
        if page.isdecimal():
            page = int(page)
        else:
            page = 1

        self.page = page # 第几页
        self.page_size = page_size # 一页展示几条数据

        self.start = (page - 1) * page_size  # 用户根据一页需要展示的数据条数，计算需要展示的页面的起始条数
        self.end = page * page_size          # 计算需要展示的页面的结束条数

        self.page_queryset = queryset[self.start:self.end]  # 页面从start到end的展示

        total_count = queryset.count()  # 计算出总数据条数，然后获取需要展示的总页码。
        total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, page_size)
        if div:   # 如果div(余数)>0，需要加一
            total_page_count += 1
        self.total_page_count = total_page_count
        self.plus = plus

    def html(self):
        # 该函数的目标：生成相应的页码列表： 计算出，显示当前页的前5页、后5页
        if self.total_page_count <= 2 * self.plus + 1:
            # 数据库中的数据比较少，都没有达到11页。
            start_page = 1 # 第一页
            end_page = self.total_page_count # 最后一页
        else:
            # 数据库中的数据比较多 > 11页。

            # 当前页<5时（小极值）
            if self.page <= self.plus:
                start_page = 1
                end_page = 2 * self.plus + 1
            else: # 当前页 > 5(大极值)
                # 当前页+5 > 总页面
                if (self.page + self.plus) > self.total_page_count:
                    start_page = self.total_page_count - 2 * self.plus
                    end_page = self.total_page_count
                else:
                    start_page = self.page - self.plus
                    end_page = self.page + self.plus

        # 页码
        page_str_list = []

        # 1：首页
        self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])
        page_str_list.append('首页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))

        # 2：上一页
        if self.page > 1:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page - 1])
            prev = '上一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        else:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1]) # 当已经是第一页，点击上一页，仍旧展示第一页
            prev = '上一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        page_str_list.append(prev)

        # 3：当前页面
        for i in range(start_page, end_page + 1):
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [i])
            if i == self.page:
                ele = '{}
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)#当前页面的active样式
            else:
                ele = '{}
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)
            page_str_list.append(ele)

        # 4：下一页
        if self.page < self.total_page_count:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page + 1])
            prev = '下一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        else:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count]) # 当已经是最后一页，点击下一页，仍旧展示最后一页
            prev = '下一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        page_str_list.append(prev)

        # 5：尾页
        self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])
        page_str_list.append('尾页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))

        # 6：跳转页的实现
        search_string = """
            
                
                    
                    
                
            
            """
        page_str_list.append(search_string)

        page_string = mark_safe("".join(page_str_list)) # 用mark_safe包裹下需要展示的分页导航数据
        return page_string
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⚠️：分页和导航菜单栏，是可以整体拿出来复用的，因此单独写成公共组件，便于页面进行复用。相应具体的使用方法见pagination.py中的使用方法。

在这里插入图片描述

第一步：在相应的views.py中导入分页组件，然后根据上图中的方式纳入分页
第二步：在相应的html文件中底部导入分页数据


<div class="clearfix">
  <ul class="pagination">
    {{ page_string }}
  ul>

div>
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10.时间插件

<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css">

<input type="text" id="dt" class="form-control" placeholder="入职日期">

<script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js">script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.js">script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js">script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js">script>

<script>
  $(function () {
    $('#dt').datepicker({
      format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',
      startDate: '0',
      language: "zh-CN",
      autoclose: true
    });

  })
script>
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在这里插入图片描述

11.ModelForm和BootStrap

第一版：ModelForm可以帮助我们生成HTML标签。

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password",]

form = UserModelForm()
"""
例如, form自定义帮助生成的input标签 -input输入框如下：
{{form.name}}
{{form.password}}
"""
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第二版：定义插件

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password",]
        widgets = {
            "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        }
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第三版：重新定义的init方法，批量设置

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置(但是全部都设置不太好)
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
			field.widget.attrs = {
                "class": "form-control", 
                "placeholder": field.label
            }
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第四版：自定义类

class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
				field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
				field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control", 
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }
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在这里插入图片描述

操作

提取公共的类, 例如：bootstrap.py； pagination.py
ModelForm拆分出来：写成from.py
视图函数的归类
html - 页面

{% load static %}
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Titletitle>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
    <style>
        .navbar {
            border-radius: 0;
        }
    style>
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
                    data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigationspan>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
                <span class="icon-bar">span>
            button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> 联通用户管理系统 a>
        div>
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理a>li>
                <li><a href="/user/list/">用户管理a>li>
                <li><a href="/pretty/list/">靓号管理a>li>


            ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">登录a>li>

                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
                       aria-expanded="false">武沛齐 <span class="caret">span>a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">个人资料a>li>
                        <li><a href="#">我的信息a>li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider">li>
                        <li><a href="#">注销a>li>
                    ul>
                li>
            ul>
        div>
    div>
nav>

<div>
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
div>


<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}">script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}">script>
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
body>
html>
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建部门
            a>
        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                部门列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>名称th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.title }}td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑a>
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除a>
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}
                tbody>
            table>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>标题label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"
                               value="{{ row_object.title }}"/>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建用户
            a>

            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/model/form/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建用户ModelForm
            a>
        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                用户列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>姓名th>
                    <th>密码th>
                    <th>年龄th>
                    <th>余额th>
                    <th>入职时间th>
                    <th>性别th>
                    <th>所属部门th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.name }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.password }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.age }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.account }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.create_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.get_gender_display }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.depart.title }}td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/user/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑a>
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/user/{{ obj.id }}/delete/">删除a>
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}

                tbody>
            table>
        div>

        <ul class="pagination">
            {{ page_string }}
        ul>
    div>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% load static %}

{% block css %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.min.css' %}">
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>姓名label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="user"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>密码label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" name="pwd"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>年龄label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>余额label>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="余额" name="ac"/>
                    div>


                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>入职时间label>
                        <input id="dt"  type="text" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" placeholder="入职时间" name="ctime"/>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>性别label>
                        <select class="form-control" name="gd">
                            {% for item in gender_choices %}
                                <option value="{{ item.0 }}">{{ item.1 }}option>
                            {% endfor %}
                        select>
                    div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label>部门label>
                        <select class="form-control" name="dp">
                            {% for item in depart_list %}
                                <option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.title }}option>
                            {% endfor %}
                        select>
                    div>

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js' %}">script>
    <script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js' %}">script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $('#dt').datepicker({
                format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',
                startDate: '0',
                language: "zh-CN",
                autoclose: true
            });

        })
    script>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 编辑用户 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post" novalidate>
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}span>
                        div>
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% load static %}

{% block css %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.min.css' %}">
{% endblock %}


{% block content %}

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post" novalidate>
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}span>
                        div>
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>

{% endblock %}


{% block js %}
    <script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js' %}">script>
    <script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js' %}">script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $('#id_create_time').datepicker({
                format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',
                startDate: '0',
                language: "zh-CN",
                autoclose: true
            });

        })
    script>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px" class="clearfix">
            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/pretty/add/">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true">span>
                新建靓号
            a>

            
            <div style="float: right;width: 300px;">
                <form method="get">
                    <div class="input-group">
                        <input type="text" name="q" class="form-control" placeholder="Search for..."
                               value="{{ search_data }}">
                        <span class="input-group-btn">
                        <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">
                            <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true">span> 
                        button>
                      span>
                    div>
                form>
            div>

        div>
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true">span>
                靓号列表
            div>

            
            <table class="table table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>IDth>
                    <th>号码th>
                    <th>价格th>
                    <th>级别th>
                    <th>状态th>
                    <th>操作th>
                tr>
                thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for obj in queryset %}
                    <tr>
                        <th>{{ obj.id }}th>
                        <td>{{ obj.mobile }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.price }}td>
                        <td>{{ obj.get_level_display }}td>   
                        <td>{{ obj.get_status_display }}td>  
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/pretty/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑a>
                            <a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/pretty/{{ obj.id }}/delete/">删除a>
                        td>
                    tr>
                {% endfor %}

                tbody>
            table>
        div>
        
        <div class="clearfix">
            <ul class="pagination">
                {{ page_string }}
            ul>

        div>

    div>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 新建靓号 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post" novalidate> 
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}span>
                        div>
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>

{% endblock %}
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> 编辑靓号 h3>
            div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post" novalidate>
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}span>
                        div>
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交button>
                form>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}
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utils – 抽象出来的复用组件

from django import forms


class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
                field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
                field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control",
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }
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from app01 import models
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelForm


class UserModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    name = forms.CharField(
        min_length=3,
        label="用户名",
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )

    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age", 'account', 'create_time', "gender", "depart"]


class PrettyModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    # 验证：方式1【字段+正则】
    mobile = forms.CharField(
        label="手机号",
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', '手机号格式错误'), ],
    )

    class Meta:
        model = models.PrettyNum
        # fields = "__all__"   ## 获取表中所有的字段
        # exclude = ['level']  ## 获取表中除了level后的所有字段
        fields = ["mobile", 'price', 'level', 'status']

    # 验证：方式2【钩子方法】
    def clean_mobile(self):
        txt_mobile = self.cleaned_data["mobile"]  # 获取用户填写的手机号

        exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile=txt_mobile).exists()
        if exists:
            # 验证用户不通过，页面交互提示
            raise ValidationError("手机号已存在")

        # 验证通过，用户输入的值返回
        return txt_mobile


class PrettyEditModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    # mobile = forms.CharField(disabled=True, label="手机号")
    mobile = forms.CharField(
        label="手机号",
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', '手机号格式错误'), ],
    )

    class Meta:
        model = models.PrettyNum
        fields = ['mobile', 'price', 'level', 'status']

    # 验证：方式2
    def clean_mobile(self):
        # print(self.instance.pk) # 获取 当前编辑的哪一行的ID
        txt_mobile = self.cleaned_data["mobile"] # 获取用户填写的手机号
        # 从排除自己以外的其他数据中查找是否重复(因为编辑，代表着当前手机号肯定是存在的)
        exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.exclude(id=self.instance.pk).filter(mobile=txt_mobile).exists()
        if exists:
            raise ValidationError("手机号已存在")

        # 验证通过，用户输入的值返回
        return txt_mobile
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"""
自定义的分页组件，以后如果想要使用这个分页组件，你需要做如下几件事：

1: 在views.py视图函数中：
    def pretty_list(request):

        # 1.根据自己的情况去筛选自己的数据
        queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()

        # 2.实例化分页对象
        page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)

        context = {
            "queryset": page_object.page_queryset,  # 分完页的数据
            "page_string": page_object.html()       # 生成页码
        }
        return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)

2: 在HTML页面中

    {% for obj in queryset %}
        {{obj.xx}}
    {% endfor %}

    
        {{ page_string }}
    

"""

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe


class Pagination(object):

    def __init__(self, request, queryset, page_size=10, page_param="page", plus=5):
        """
        :param request: 请求的对象
        :param queryset: 符合条件的数据（根据这个数据给他进行分页处理）
        :param page_size: 每页显示多少条数据
        :param page_param: 在URL中传递的获取分页的参数，例如：/etty/list/?page=12
        :param plus: 显示当前页的 前或后几页（页码）例如本文的前后展示5页
        """

        from django.http.request import QueryDict
        import copy
        query_dict = copy.deepcopy(request.GET)
        query_dict._mutable = True
        self.query_dict = query_dict

        self.page_param = page_param
        page = request.GET.get(page_param, "1")
        if page.isdecimal():
            page = int(page)
        else:
            page = 1

        self.page = page # 第几页
        self.page_size = page_size # 一页展示几条数据

        self.start = (page - 1) * page_size  # 用户根据一页需要展示的数据条数，计算需要展示的页面的起始条数
        self.end = page * page_size          # 计算需要展示的页面的结束条数

        self.page_queryset = queryset[self.start:self.end]  # 页面从start到end的展示

        total_count = queryset.count()  # 计算出总数据条数，然后获取需要展示的总页码。
        total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, page_size)
        if div:   # 如果div(余数)>0，需要加一
            total_page_count += 1
        self.total_page_count = total_page_count
        self.plus = plus

    def html(self):
        # 该函数的目标：生成相应的页码列表： 计算出，显示当前页的前5页、后5页
        if self.total_page_count <= 2 * self.plus + 1:
            # 数据库中的数据比较少，都没有达到11页。
            start_page = 1 # 第一页
            end_page = self.total_page_count # 最后一页
        else:
            # 数据库中的数据比较多 > 11页。

            # 当前页<5时（小极值）
            if self.page <= self.plus:
                start_page = 1
                end_page = 2 * self.plus + 1
            else: # 当前页 > 5(大极值)
                # 当前页+5 > 总页面
                if (self.page + self.plus) > self.total_page_count:
                    start_page = self.total_page_count - 2 * self.plus
                    end_page = self.total_page_count
                else:
                    start_page = self.page - self.plus
                    end_page = self.page + self.plus

        # 页码
        page_str_list = []

        # 1：首页
        self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])
        page_str_list.append('首页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))

        # 2：上一页
        if self.page > 1:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page - 1])
            prev = '上一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        else:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1]) # 当已经是第一页，点击上一页，仍旧展示第一页
            prev = '上一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        page_str_list.append(prev)

        # 3：当前页面
        for i in range(start_page, end_page + 1):
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [i])
            if i == self.page:
                ele = '{}
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)#当前页面的active样式
            else:
                ele = '{}
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)
            page_str_list.append(ele)

        # 4：下一页
        if self.page < self.total_page_count:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page + 1])
            prev = '下一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        else:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count]) # 当已经是最后一页，点击下一页，仍旧展示最后一页
            prev = '下一页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        page_str_list.append(prev)

        # 5：尾页
        self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])
        page_str_list.append('尾页
'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))

        # 6：跳转页的实现
        search_string = """
            
                
                    
                    
                
            
            """
        page_str_list.append(search_string)

        page_string = mark_safe("".join(page_str_list)) # 用mark_safe包裹下需要展示的分页导航数据
        return page_string
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views – 相应模块的自定义视图函数 (与页面一一对应)

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models

from app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
from app01.utils.form import UserModelForm, PrettyModelForm, PrettyEditModelForm


def depart_list(request):
    """ 部门列表 """

    # 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表
    #  [对象,对象,对象]
    queryset = models.Department.objects.all()

    return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})


def depart_add(request):
    """ 添加部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'depart_add.html')

    # 获取用户POST提交过来的数据（title输入为空）
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 保存到数据库
    models.Department.objects.create(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_delete(request):
    """ 删除部门 """
    # 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')

    # 删除
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")


def depart_edit(request, nid):
    """ 修改部门 """
    if request.method == "GET":
        # 根据nid，获取他的数据 [obj,]
        row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})

    # 获取用户提交的标题
    title = request.POST.get("title")

    # 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新
    # models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)

    # 重定向回部门列表
    return redirect("/depart/list/")
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from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models

from app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
from app01.utils.form import UserModelForm, PrettyModelForm, PrettyEditModelForm


def user_list(request):
    """ 用户管理 """

    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

    page_object = Pagination(request, queryset, page_size=2)
    context = {
        "queryset": page_object.page_queryset,
        "page_string": page_object.html(),
    }
    return render(request, 'user_list.html', context)


def user_add(request):
    """ 添加用户（原始方式） """

    if request.method == "GET":
        context = {
            'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices,
            "depart_list": models.Department.objects.all()
        }
        return render(request, 'user_add.html', context)

    # 获取用户提交的数据
    user = request.POST.get('user')
    pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
    age = request.POST.get('age')
    account = request.POST.get('ac')
    ctime = request.POST.get('ctime')
    gender = request.POST.get('gd')
    depart_id = request.POST.get('dp')

    # 添加到数据库中
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=user, password=pwd, age=age,
                                   account=account, create_time=ctime,
                                   gender=gender, depart_id=depart_id)

    # 返回到用户列表页面
    return redirect("/user/list/")


def user_model_form_add(request):
    """ 添加用户（ModelForm版本）"""
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UserModelForm()
        return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})

    # 用户POST提交数据，数据校验。
    form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 如果数据合法，保存到数据库
        # {'name': '123', 'password': '123', 'age': 11, 'account': Decimal('0'), 'create_time': datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, tzinfo=), 'gender': 1, 'depart': }
        # print(form.cleaned_data)
        # models.UserInfo.objects.create(..)
        form.save()
        return redirect('/user/list/')

    # 校验失败（在页面上显示错误信息）
    return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})


def user_edit(request, nid):
    """ 编辑用户 """
    row_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()

    if request.method == "GET":
        # 根据ID去数据库获取要编辑的那一行数据（对象）
        form = UserModelForm(instance=row_object)
        return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'form': form})

    form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 默认保存的是用户输入的所有数据，如果想要再用户输入以外增加一点值
        # form.instance.字段名 = 值
        form.save()
        return redirect('/user/list/')
    return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {"form": form})


def user_delete(request, nid):
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/user/list/')
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from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models


from app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
from app01.utils.form import UserModelForm, PrettyModelForm, PrettyEditModelForm


def pretty_list(request):
    """ 靓号列表 ： 在此处增加了： 搜索功能、分页功能"""
    data_dict = {}
    search_data = request.GET.get('q', "") # 默认是所有的，如果传递了搜素参数，则展示相应的搜索结果列表
    if search_data:
        # mobile__contains方法判断当前输入手机号是否已经存在。双下划线前是字段，后是函数
        data_dict["mobile__contains"] = search_data

    queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict).order_by("-level")

    # 以下是分页的功能
    page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)

    context = {
        "search_data": search_data,

        "queryset": page_object.page_queryset,  # 分完页的数据
        "page_string": page_object.html()  # 页码
    }
    return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)


def pretty_add(request):
    """ 添加靓号 """
    # 第一步： 如果是get请求，直接跳转到相应的add页面，让用户填写
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = PrettyModelForm()
        return render(request, 'pretty_add.html', {"form": form})

    # 第二步：如果是post请求，首先获取从add页面收集到的信息，然后校验合法性和写入数据库，如合法完成后重定向用户列表
    form = PrettyModelForm(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return redirect('/pretty/list/')

    # 第三步：如果不合法，则重定向到add页面重新收集。(将上次填写提交信息设置成默认值，并提示错误信息)
    return render(request, 'pretty_add.html', {"form": form})

def pretty_edit(request, nid):
    """ 编辑靓号 """
    # 第一步： 从数据库获取当前行的数据
    row_object = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).first()

    # 第二步： 如果get请求, 当用户点击编辑按钮的时候，跳转到用户信息编辑页面，同时显示用户的原始默认值(默认值设置采用instance方法)
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = PrettyEditModelForm(instance=row_object)
        return render(request, 'pretty_edit.html', {"form": form})

    # 第三步： 当编辑完成(post请求)后，用户下次请求该函数将页面当前记录更新的数据传入，并完成校验和保存到数据库，并且重定向到用户列表页面
    form = PrettyEditModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object)  #该instance会实现从原始信息修改成新的信息
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return redirect('/pretty/list/')

    # 第4四步： 如果数据校验不合法，则重定向到用户编辑页面，重新修改更新数据。
    return render(request, 'pretty_edit.html', {"form": form})

def pretty_delete(request, nid):
    models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/pretty/list/')
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其他配置文件

from django.db import models


class Department(models.Model):
    """ 部门表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    # create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间") # datetime格式
    create_time = models.DateField(verbose_name="入职时间")  # date格式

    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
    # 1.有约束
    #   - to，与那张表关联
    #   - to_field，表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    #   - 写的depart
    #   - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.部门表被删除
    # ### 3.1 级联删除
    depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ### 3.2 置空
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    # 在django中做的约束
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)


class PrettyNum(models.Model):
    """ 靓号表 """
    mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)
    # 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=True
    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)

    level_choices = (
        (1, "1级"),
        (2, "2级"),
        (3, "3级"),
        (4, "4级"),
    )
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)

    status_choices = (
        (1, "已占用"),
        (2, "未使用")
    )
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)
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"""day16 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from app01.views import depart, user, pretty

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    # 部门管理
    path('depart/list/', depart.depart_list),
    path('depart/add/', depart.depart_add),
    path('depart/delete/', depart.depart_delete),
    path('depart//edit/', depart.depart_edit),

    # 用户管理
    path('user/list/', user.user_list),
    path('user/add/', user.user_add),
    path('user/model/form/add/', user.user_model_form_add),
    path('user//edit/', user.user_edit),
    path('user//delete/', user.user_delete),

    # 靓号管理
    path('pretty/list/', pretty.pretty_list),
    path('pretty/add/', pretty.pretty_add),
    path('pretty//edit/', pretty.pretty_edit),
    path('pretty//delete/', pretty.pretty_delete),

]
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"""
Django settings for day16 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.9.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-hkrj5qe6)4-oe)g&+s-_)90r8$$fk_*a1w33=2wikt4!^4_h6c'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'day16.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'day16.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases

# DATABASES = {
#     'default': {
#         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#         'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
#     }
# }

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'gx_day16',  # 数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root123',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 那台机器安装了MySQL
        'PORT': 3306,
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/

# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
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day18 Django开发

12. 管理员操作

在导航菜单栏，新增一个模块 - 管理员，主要实现：

点击进入，管理员列表，并在列表中支持：新增管理员、编辑管理员信息、删除管理员信息、重置密码等

13. 用户登录

一般而言，http无状态短连接：
一次请求和响应之后就会断开连接，即是短连接。
下次双方的请求响应连接，并不会携带上次请求响应的数据，即无状态。
在这里插入图片描述

问题： 如果要实现，一定时间内，记住上次/最近曾经连接过的记录和相应的状态，就需要用到cookie和session
什么是cookie和session？

响应体：本次请求连接需要返回的参数内容，从网站给到浏览器。
响应头：含cookie(如上述的k1=xxx 用于标记凭证)
- cookie: 1）保存在浏览器上的键值对；2）发送请求时，自动携带到网站，然后用用于双方识别凭证。
- session: 服务端存储的信息(jango默认将该信息存储在数据库)

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/list/
https://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/list/
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在这里插入图片描述

管理/用户列表进入之前，需要先检查用户是否已登录，如登录则继续往下走；否则，返回登录页面
当用户发来请求时，先获取cookie中随机字符串，拿着随机字符串看session中有没有，如果有就允许直接到页面，否则就返回登录页面让用户登录。

13.1 登录

登录成功后：

cookie，随机字符串
session，用户信息

需求：在其他需要登录才能访问的页面中，都需要加入如下的鉴权“用户是否登录”，如果登录过则直接跳转，否则跳转到登录页面先进行登录。

def index(request):
    info = request.session.get("info")
    if not info:
        return redirect('/login/')
    
    ...
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因此，需要在18个视图函数前面统一加入判断。

info = request.session.get("info")
if not info:
    return redirect('/login/')
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没有可复用的逻辑，因此在此引用“中间件”的逻辑，如下介绍：

13.2 中间件的体验

在这里插入图片描述

step1: 定义中间件

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
    """ 中间件1 """

    def process_request(self, request):

        # 如果方法中没有返回值（返回None），继续向后走
        # 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirect
        print("M1.process_request")
        return HttpResponse("无权访问")

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print("M1.process_response")
        return response


class M2(MiddlewareMixin):
    """ 中间件2 """

    def process_request(self, request):
        print("M2.process_request")

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print("M2.process_response")
        return response
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step2: 应用中间件 setings.py

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'app01.middleware.auth.M1',
    'app01.middleware.auth.M2',
]
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在这里插入图片描述

step3: 在中间件的process_request方法

# 如果方法中没有返回值（返回None），继续向后走 (如上黑色框模块)
# 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirect，则不再继续向后执行  (如上红色框模块)。
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13.3 中间件实现登录校验

编写中间件

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect


class AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):
        # 0.排除那些不需要登录就能访问的页面
        #   request.path_info 获取当前用户请求的URL /login/
        if request.path_info == "/login/":
            return

        # 1.读取当前访问的用户的session信息，如果能读到，说明已登录过，就可以继续向后走。
        info_dict = request.session.get("info")
        print(info_dict)
        if info_dict: # 若非空，继续想后面走(如有其他中间件，则走其他中间件，没有继续向后)
            return

        # 2.没有登录过，重新回到登录页面
        return redirect('/login/')
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应用中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'app01.middleware.auth.AuthMiddleware',   ## 新增的自定义中间件路径
]
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13.4 注销

目标：实现 - 当前登录用户的信息注销，下次进入需要重新登录；即将本次登录的session清空。

def logout(request):
    """ 注销 """

    request.session.clear()

    return redirect('/login/')
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13.5 当前用户

目标：实现 - 在页面的右上角，进行用户个人信息的获取并显示。
在这里插入图片描述

14.图片验证码

在这里插入图片描述

14.1 生成图片

pip install pillow
1

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter


def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='Monaco.ttf', font_size=28):
    code = []
    img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

    def rndChar():
        """
        生成随机字母
        :return:
        """
        return chr(random.randint(65, 90))

    def rndColor():
        """
        生成随机颜色
        :return:
        """
        return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))

    # 写文字
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
    for i in range(char_length):
        char = rndChar()
        code.append(char)
        h = random.randint(0, 4)
        draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰点
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰圆圈
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
        x = random.randint(0, width)
        y = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())

    # 画干扰线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y2 = random.randint(0, height)

        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
    return img, ''.join(code)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    img, code_str = check_code()
    print(code_str)

    with open('code.png', 'wb') as f:
        img.save(f, format='png')
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同时，Monaco.ttf字体文件包需要放到根目录下。

用户登录页面需要包含的内容
- 填写用户名、密码；输入图片校验码内容并校验；注销；用户个人信息右上角展示；
- 在utils中写可复用的 code.py生成图片校验码的组件(含字体包)
- 在account.py中写入相应的图片校验码产出、存储、消费逻辑；并在登录页面中嵌入；注销实现
- login.html中修改相应的验证码模块
- 修改右上角个人信息展示逻辑，需要修改母版文件 - layout.html

15. Ajax请求

浏览器向网站发送请求时：URL 和表单的形式提交。

GET
POST

此类提交存在一个特点：页面刷新。
除此之外，也可以基于Ajax向后台发送请求（偷偷的发送请求）。

依赖jQuery
编写ajax代码

$.ajax({
    url:"发送的地址",
    type:"get",
    data:{
        n1:123,
        n2:456
    },
    success:function(res){
        console.log(res);
    }
})
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15.1 GET请求

$.ajax({
    url: '/task/ajax/',
    type: "get",
    data: {
        n1: 123,
        n2: 456
    },
    success: function (res) {
        console.log(res);
    }
})
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from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("成功了")
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15.2 POST请求

$.ajax({
    url: '/task/ajax/',
    type: "post",
    data: {
        n1: 123,
        n2: 456
    },
    success: function (res) {
        console.log(res);
    }
})
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from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt # 免除校验 


@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)
    return HttpResponse("成功了")
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15.3 关闭绑定事件

{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>任务管理h1>

        <h3>示例1h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>

    div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            // 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
            bindBtn1Event();

        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 456
                    },
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

    script>
{% endblock %}
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15.4 ajax请求的返回值

一般都会返回JSON格式。后端是json格式，前端初始识别成string，需要进行类型转换

{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>任务管理h1>

        <h3>示例1h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>

    div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            // 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
            bindBtn1Event();

        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 456
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON", <!-- 虽然后端传过来的data_dict是json格式，但是前端会识别成string，因此需要进行类型转换 -->
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                        console.log(res.status);
                        console.log(res.data);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

    script>
{% endblock %}
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import json
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt


def task_list(request):
    """ 任务列表 """
    return render(request, "task_list.html")


@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)

    data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))
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ajax请求案例实现，通过task模块借助展示：

from django.db import models


class Admin(models.Model):
    """ 管理员 """
    username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名", max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

class Department(models.Model):
    """ 部门表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    # create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
    create_time = models.DateField(verbose_name="入职时间")

    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
    # 1.有约束
    #   - to，与那张表关联
    #   - to_field，表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    #   - 写的depart
    #   - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.部门表被删除
    # ### 3.1 级联删除
    depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ### 3.2 置空
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    # 在django中做的约束
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)


class PrettyNum(models.Model):
    """ 靓号表 """
    mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)
    # 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=True
    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)

    level_choices = (
        (1, "1级"),
        (2, "2级"),
        (3, "3级"),
        (4, "4级"),
    )
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)

    status_choices = (
        (1, "已占用"),
        (2, "未使用")
    )
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)


class Task(models.Model):
    """ 任务 """
    level_choices = (
        (1, "紧急"),
        (2, "重要"),
        (3, "临时"),
    )
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="标题", max_length=64)
    detail = models.TextField(verbose_name="详细信息")
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="负责人", to="Admin", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
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import json
from django import forms
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt  # 免除校验

from app01 import models
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelForm


class TaskModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Task
        fields = "__all__"
        widgets = {
            # "detail": forms.Textarea,
            "detail": forms.TextInput
        }


def task_list(request):
    """ 任务列表 """
    form = TaskModelForm()
    return render(request, "task_list.html", {"form": form})


@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)

    data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))
    # return JsonResponse(data_dict)


@csrf_exempt
def task_add(request):
    # {'level': ['1'], 'title': ['sdfsdfsdfsd'], 'detail': ['111'], 'user': ['8']}
    # print(request.POST)

    # 1.用户发送过来的数据进行校验（ModelForm进行校验）
    form = TaskModelForm(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid(): # 校验成功
        form.save()
        data_dict = {"status": True}
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))

    # 校验失败
    data_dict = {"status": False, 'error': form.errors}
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict, ensure_ascii=False))
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{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">表单</div>
            <div class="panel-body">

                <form id="formAdd">  <!-- ID用于标识，下文中的js中相应的绑定事件-->

                    <div class="clearfix">
                        {% for field in form %}
                            <div class="col-xs-6">
                                <div class="form-group" style="position: relative;margin-bottom: 20px;">
                                    <label>{{ field.label }}</label>
                                    {{ field }}
                                    <span class="error-msg" style="color: red;position: absolute;"></span>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        {% endfor %}
                        <div class="col-xs-12">
                            <button id="btnAdd" type="button" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                </form>


            </div>
        </div>


        <hr/>
        <h1>Ajax学习</h1>
        <h3>示例1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击1"/>

        <h3>示例2</h3>
        <input type="text" id="txtUser" placeholder="姓名"/>
        <input type="text" id="txtAge" placeholder="年龄"/>
        <input id="btn2" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击2"/>

        <h3>示例3</h3>
        <form id="form3">
            <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="姓名"/>
            <input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"/>
            <input type="text" name="email" placeholder="邮箱"/>
            <input type="text" name="more" placeholder="介绍"/>
        </form>
        <input id="btn3" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击3"/>

    </div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            // 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
            bindBtn1Event();

            bindBtn2Event();

            bindBtn3Event();

            bindBtnAddEvent();

        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,  <!-- 固定值-->
                        n2: 456
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",   <!-- 虽然后端传过来的data_dict是json格式，但是前端会识别成string，因此需要进行类型转换 -->
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                        console.log(res.status);
                        console.log(res.data);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

        function bindBtn2Event() {
            $("#btn2").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        name: $("#txtUser").val(),  <!-- 获取用户填写的数据-->
                        age: $("#txtAge").val()
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                        console.log(res.status);
                        console.log(res.data);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

        function bindBtn3Event() {
            $("#btn3").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: $("#form3").serialize(),  <!-- 直接序列化，打包获取用户填写的数据-->
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                        console.log(res.status);
                        console.log(res.data);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

        function bindBtnAddEvent() {
            $("#btnAdd").click(function () {
                $(".error-msg").empty(); <!-- 先清空error的数据信息 -->
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/add/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: $("#formAdd").serialize(),  <!-- #formAdd就是上文中的id，用于相互标识，绑定事件-->
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        if (res.status) {
                            alert("添加成功");
                        } else {
                            $.each(res.error, function (name, data) {
                                // console.log(name,data);
                                $("#id_" + name).next().text(data[0]);
                            })
                        }
                    }
                })
            })
        }

    </script>
{% endblock %}
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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/Jasminexjf/article/details/127459219