linux命令（ls ，cd，pwd）

1，ls 命令 

ls用来打印出当前目录的清单

ls -l/-h/-a

-h 人性化显示

-a 连同隐藏文件都显示出

-F 可执行文件特殊显示带上*

[ligang@centos6 test4]$ ls
file  file1  folder  folder2  folder3
[ligang@centos6 test4]$ touch .haha
[ligang@centos6 test4]$ ls
file  file1  folder  folder2  folder3
[ligang@centos6 test4]$ ls -a
.  ..  file  file1  folder  folder2  folder3  .haha
[ligang@centos6 test4]$ ls -lh
total 12K
-rw-r--r-- 1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 05:28 file
-rw-r--r-- 1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 05:29 file1
drwxr-xr-x 2 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 05:29 folder
drwxr-xr-x 2 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 05:30 folder2
drwxr-xr-x 2 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 05:29 folder3
[ligang@centos6 test4]$ ls -la
total 20
drwxr-xr-x  5 ligang trainning 4096 Mar  8 06:08 .
drwx------ 15 ligang trainning 4096 Mar  8 04:41 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 05:28 file
-rw-r--r--  1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 05:29 file1
drwxr-xr-x  2 ligang trainning 4096 Mar  8 05:29 folder
drwxr-xr-x  2 ligang trainning 4096 Mar  8 05:30 folder2
drwxr-xr-x  2 ligang trainning 4096 Mar  8 05:29 folder3
-rw-r--r--  1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 06:08 .haha
[ligang@centos6 test4]$ ls -lah
total 20K
drwxr-xr-x  5 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 06:08 .
drwx------ 15 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 04:41 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 05:28 file
-rw-r--r--  1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 05:29 file1
drwxr-xr-x  2 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 05:29 folder
drwxr-xr-x  2 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 05:30 folder2
drwxr-xr-x  2 ligang trainning 4.0K Mar  8 05:29 folder3
-rw-r--r--  1 ligang trainning    0 Mar  8 06:08 .haha

2，dir  切换当前目录至dirName

cd/cd~    回到用户主目录

cd /  进入系统根目录

cd - 返回进入此目录之前所在目录

[ligang@centos6 test4]$ cd /
[ligang@centos6 /]$ cd
[ligang@centos6 ~]$ 
[root@localhost soft]# pwd
/opt/soft
[root@localhost soft]# cd -
/root
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
[root@localhost ~]# cd -
/opt/soft
[root@localhost soft]#

3，pwd    pwd  命令来查看”当前工作目录“的完整路径

pwd显示的是连接路径

pwd -P  显示出实际路径

/bin/pwd 选项

[ligang@centos6 init.d]$ pwd
/etc/init.d
[ligang@centos6 init.d]$ /bin/pwd
/etc/rc.d/init.d
[ligang@centos6 init.d]$ pwd
/etc/init.d
[ligang@centos6 init.d]$ pwd -L
/etc/init.d
[ligang@centos6 init.d]$ pwd -P
/etc/rc.d/init.d