基于CentOS8操作cobbler批量装机

1. cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

Cobbler官网

cobbler集成的服务

• PXE服务支持
• DHCP服务管理
• DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
• 电源管理
• Kickstart服务支持
• YUM仓库管理
• TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
• Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

cobbler数据目录

cobbler日志文件

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息
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2. cobbler服务端部署

docker-cobbler.zip

zip 星 10KB

下载

关闭防火墙跟SElinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled


//配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#  sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo


 // epel源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#  yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#  sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#  sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*


 // 查找cobbler， 并开启，
[root@localhost ~]# dnf module list|grep cobbler
cobbler      3     default [d]     Versatile Linux deployment server
cobbler     3.3    default        Versatile Linux deployment server


开启 cobbler ， 注意要跟上版本
[root@localhost ~]# dnf module enable cobbler:3
Last metadata expiration check: 0:09:18 ago on Sat 13 Aug 2022 09:51:23 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================
 Package         Architecture   Version         Repository       Size
======================================================================
Enabling module streams:
 cobbler                        3

Transaction Summary
======================================================================

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!


// 没有开启cobbler 模块是找不到的
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all|grep cobbler
cobbler.noarch          3.2.2-11.module_el8+14161+f12890f2      epel-modular 
cobbler-tests.noarch    3.2.2-11.module_el8+14161+f12890f2      epel-modular
cobbler-web.noarch      3.2.2-11.module_el8+14161+f12890f2      epel-modul


[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all|grep rsync
rsync.x86_64              3.1.3-12.el8       @base  # 下载这个包
librsync.x86_64          2.3.2-1.el8         epel
librsync-devel.x86_64    2.3.2-1.el8          epel
librsync-doc.noarch      2.3.2-1.el8          epel
rsync-bpc.x86_64         3.1.3.0-1.el8       epel
rsync-daemon.noarch      3.1.3-12.el8          base    # 下载这个包


//安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# dnf  -y install httpd dhcp-server tftp tftp-server  cobbler  cobbler-web pykickstart  rsync-daemon  rsync
安装过程略....







//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address:Port    Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0      5           127.0.0.1:25151        0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0      128           0.0.0.0:22           0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0      128                 *:80                 *:*
LISTEN 0      128              [::]:22              [::]:*
LISTEN 0      128                 *:443                *:*
[root@localhost ~]#





[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@localhost cobbler]# ls
auth.conf               logging_config.conf  secondary.template
boot_loader_conf        modules.conf         settings.d
cheetah_macros          mongodb.conf         settings.yaml  //在8 里叫这个名字
dhcp.template           named.template       users.conf
dnsmasq.template        ndjbdns.template     users.digest
genders.template        reporting            version
import_rsync_whitelist  rsync.exclude        zone.template
iso                     rsync.template       zone_templates


//修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.229.148/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml


//设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.229.148/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml




//启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable  --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status rsyncd
● rsyncd.service - fast remote file copy program daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service; enabled; v>
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-08-13 22:25:50 CST; 6s ago


//生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'agan9639@'
$1$31746$4gpDrgEIXdIwdIUq3X3V//        //这是密码加密后的形式
# 这个密码是给系统用的不必在意


//将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]#sed -i '/default_password_crypted.*/c default_password_crypted: "$1$31746$4gpDrgEIXdIwdIUq3X3V//"' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'default_password_crypted.*' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$31746$4gpDrgEIXdIwdIUq3X3V//"


//重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address:Port    Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0      5           127.0.0.1:25151        0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0      5             0.0.0.0:873          0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0      128           0.0.0.0:22           0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0      5                [::]:873             [::]:*
LISTEN 0      128                 *:80                 *:*
LISTEN 0      128              [::]:22              [::]:*
LISTEN 0      128                 *:443                *:*




//通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0,menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//以上4和5是关于debian系统的错误，请忽略

现在解决123问题

[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all|grep syslinux
syslinux.x86_64             6.04-5.el8     base  // 下载这个包解决第一个问题
syslinux-extlinux.x86_64    6.04-5.el8     base  
syslinux-nonlinux.noarch    6.04-5.el8     base
syslinux-tftpboot.noarch     6.04-5.el8    base  
[root@localhost ~]#


[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32  # 复制到/var/lib/cobbler/loaders
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0   # 复制到/var/lib/cobbler/loaders


复制这两个文件menu.c32 pxelinux.0  到/var/lib/cobbler/loaders
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/syslinux/
[root@localhost syslinux]# cp menu.c32 pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/


[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
menu.c32  pxelinux.0

执行这个脚本
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/share/cobbler/bin/mkgrub.sh
...省略N

[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
grub  ldlinux.c32  menu.c32  pxelinux.0
多出的这两个文件，是开启需要的，没有启动不了


[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all| grep yum-utils
yum-utils.noarch         4.0.21-3.el8       base  // 这个包解决2和3的问题
[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install yum-utils syslinux   

# 再检查一次
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0,menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
# 1 的问题包  已经下载了所以可以忽略它



//配置cobbler dhcp
//修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler控制dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^manage_dhcp: false/manage_dhcp: true/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/manage_dhcp: true/p' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true



//配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
....    //此处为省略内容
subnet 192.168.229.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.229.2; // 网关
     option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;  //此处为系统安装好后指定的dns地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.229.10 192.168.229.250; // 分配网段
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
....    //此处为省略内容

//重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
...省略N 
*** TASK COMPLETE ***  # 看到这个表示成功

//检查dhcp是否正常
[root@localhost ~]# ss -an|grep 67
udp   UNCONN  0   0     0.0.0.0:67                 0.0.0.0:*
udp   ESTAB   0   0   192.168.229.148%ens160:68   192.168.229.254:67






//导入centos8镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/  # 挂载
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             874M     0  874M   0% /dev
tmpfs                893M     0  893M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                893M  8.7M  885M   1% /run
tmpfs                893M     0  893M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cs-root   17G  2.0G   16G  12% /
/dev/sda1           1014M  215M  800M  22% /boot
tmpfs                179M     0  179M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0              11G   11G     0 100% /mnt


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=centos8 --arch=x86_64
.....省略N
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//说明：
    --path      //镜像路径
    --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
    --arch      //指定安装源平台

//安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败


//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   centos8-x86_64

profiles:
   centos8-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:





# 自动生成安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name=centos8-x86_64
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --enabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.229.148/cblr/links/centos8-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.229.148/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.229.148/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/BaseOS

# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

# Reboot after installation
reboot

#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$31746$4gpDrgEIXdIwdIUq3X3V//
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart

%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1

# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
    sleep 10
    if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
        cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
        logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
        break
    fi
done &



# Enable installation monitoring

%end

%packages
%end

%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1

%end

%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1

# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.229.148/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/centos8-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo

# End yum configuration



# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code

# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)

# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.229.148" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.229.148" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration

# Enable post-install boot notification

# Start final steps

curl "http://192.168.229.148/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/centos8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end

//把生成的自动安装脚本复制到centos8里
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/templates/
[root@localhost templates]# vim centos8.ks
....省略N
firewall --disabled  # 把enabled 修改为disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
...省略N
rootpw --iscrypted $1$31746$4gpDrgEIXdIwdIUq3X3V//
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp  # 地区改为亚洲上海
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
...省略N
%packages
@^minimal-environment  # 这个跟系统一样，也就跟anaconda-ks.cfg 这个文件里的@^minimal-environment 一样
%end
...省略N
%end


# 验证自动安装
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validate-autoinstalls
task started: 2022-08-13_233559_validate_autoinstall_files
task started (id=Automated installation files validation, time=Sat Aug 13 23:35:59 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***




//查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler profile list
   centos8-x86_64
   
//修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的autoinstall安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name centos8-x86_64 --autoinstall=centos8.ks

//配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name centos8-x86_64 --kernel-options='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'




//检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
# cobbler distro report --name=fedora17-x86_64 // 如果有多个要带上名字
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : centos8-x86_64
Automatic Installation Template : centos8.ks  
Automatic Installation Metadata : {}
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        :
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos8-x86_64  
Enable gPXE?                   : False
Enable PXE Menu?               : True
Fetchable Files                : {}
DHCP Filename Override         : <>
Kernel Options                 : {'net.ifnames': '0', 'biosdevname': '0'} //网卡设为传统命名方式
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Next Server Override           : <>
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 :
Proxy                          :
Red Hat Management Key         : <>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : True
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      :
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm




//同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
...省略N
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


//为避免发生未知问题，先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port    Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0       5            127.0.0.1:25151        0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0       5              0.0.0.0:873          0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0       128            0.0.0.0:22           0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0       5                 [::]:873             [::]:*
LISTEN 0       128                  *:80                 *:*
LISTEN 0       128               [::]:22              [::]:*
LISTEN 0       128                  *:443                *:*
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3. 客户端安装

新建虚拟机

4. 定制安装

定制安装步骤：

• 统计服务器mac地址
• 配置cobbler
• 安装

统计mac地址此处就不赘述了，直接最重要的配置
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置：

Cobbler自动化批量安装linux服务器的操作步骤

doc 0星 超过10%的资源 194KB

下载

同步配置并重启相关服务：

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
1
2

最后开机自动会安装系统

5.报错信息