pyqt5实现串口工具

一、设计界面

界面使用qtdesigner设计，然后在转成Python代码，以下是转好后的代码

untitled_serial.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'untitled_serial.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.10
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
        MainWindow.setStyleSheet("\"background-color: red; border-radius: 50%;\"")
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(310, 20, 141, 61))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Algerian")
        font.setPointSize(24)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.comboBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(360, 90, 91, 21))
        self.comboBox.setObjectName("comboBox")
        self.comboBox.addItem("")
        self.comboBox.addItem("")
        self.comboBox.addItem("")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(280, 90, 61, 20))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Algerian")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_2.setFont(font)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(280, 130, 61, 21))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Algerian")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_3.setFont(font)
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.comboBox_2 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.comboBox_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(360, 130, 91, 21))
        self.comboBox_2.setObjectName("comboBox_2")
        self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(252, 480, 151, 21))
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(420, 480, 75, 23))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.pushButton_open_serial = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_open_serial.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 180, 75, 23))
        self.pushButton_open_serial.setObjectName("pushButton_open_serial")
        self.pushButton_close_serial = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_close_serial.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(390, 180, 75, 23))
        self.pushButton_close_serial.setObjectName("pushButton_close_serial")
        self.label_view = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_view.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(270, 180, 21, 21))
        self.label_view.setAutoFillBackground(False)
        self.label_view.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\n"
"")
        self.label_view.setText("")
        self.label_view.setObjectName("label_view")
        self.listWidget = QtWidgets.QListWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.listWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(250, 250, 256, 192))
        self.listWidget.setObjectName("listWidget")
        self.label_5 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(250, 220, 81, 20))
        self.label_5.setObjectName("label_5")
        self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 450, 81, 21))
        self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
        self.checkBox = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.checkBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(340, 220, 131, 21))
        self.checkBox.setObjectName("checkBox")
        self.checkBox_2 = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.checkBox_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(350, 450, 121, 21))
        self.checkBox_2.setObjectName("checkBox_2")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "串口工具"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口工具"))
        self.comboBox.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "115200"))
        self.comboBox.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "9600"))
        self.comboBox.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "38400"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "波特率："))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口号："))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "发送"))
        self.pushButton_open_serial.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开串口"))
        self.pushButton_close_serial.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭串口"))
        self.label_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "数据显示格式："))
        self.label_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "数据发送格式："))
        self.checkBox.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "ASCII(默认)/HEX"))
        self.checkBox_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "ASCII(默认)/HEX"))

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二、功能代码实现

上面设计好了界面项目就要对串口功能实现，界面和功能代码我这边是分开文件来写，如果写成一个文件每次在界面转python代码过程中那些数据就会丢失，分开写就不会存在这样的烦恼。
untitled_seria_action.py

import untitled_serial
import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QFileDialog, QMessageBox, QListWidget, QListWidgetItem,QListView


from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal  #添加线程头文件
from datetime import datetime
class SerialThread(QThread): #创建一个串口线程类
    ser=''
    stop_event = False
    port=""
    baudrate=""
    choose_view = False  # 判断是选择hex显示字符串显示
    choose_send =False #判断是选择hex发送还是字符串发送
    data_received = pyqtSignal(str)#创建线程传输字符串数据
    def __init__(self, port, baudrate):
        super().__init__()
        self.port = port
        self.baudrate = baudrate
        self.serial_start(self.port,self.baudrate)

    def serial_start(self, port, baudrate):
        print("串口已经运行")
        self._stop_event = False
        self.ser = serial.Serial(port, baudrate, timeout=1)

    def run(self):
        while not self._stop_event:
            if self.ser.in_waiting:
                if self.choose_view:
                    dataReady = self.ser.read_all().hex()
                else:
                    #dataReady=self.ser.readline().decode('utf-8')
                    dataReady = self.ser.read_all().decode('utf-8')
                print(dataReady)
                # data = self.ser.readline().decode('utf-8').strip()
                self.data_received.emit(dataReady)
    def write(self, data):
        if self.choose_send:
            if len(data)%2==1:#判断输入的数据是否是1位
                data='0'+data
            self.ser.write(bytes.fromhex(data))#输入16进制
        else:
            self.ser.write(data.encode('utf-8'))#输入asicc
    def serial_stop(self):
        self._stop_event = True
        self.ser.close()
    def state(self): #状态函数，判断串口是否打开
        if not self._stop_event:
            return True
        else:
            return False

class serialaction(untitled_serial.Ui_MainWindow,QMainWindow):
    serial_thread=""
    def __init__(self):
        super(untitled_serial.Ui_MainWindow,self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)

        ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()#获取串口号
        for port in ports: #通过for循环批量打印出串口号
            item =port.device
            self.comboBox_2.addItem(item) #将串口号添加到comboBox控件里面
        self.pushButton_open_serial.clicked.connect(self.open_serial)#创建槽函数
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.send_data)
        self.bote_value = self.comboBox.currentText()  # 获取选的串口波特率
        self.combo_value = self.comboBox_2.currentText()  # 获取选的串口号

        self.pushButton_close_serial.clicked.connect(self.serial_close) # 将线程信号连接到槽函数

        self.checkBox.clicked.connect(self.check_choose_view)
        self.checkBox_2.clicked.connect(self.check_choose_send)  # 判断是否选择hex发送
    def open_serial(self): #打开串口
        self.serial_thread = SerialThread(self.combo_value, self.bote_value)  # 创建串口线程
        self.serial_thread.data_received.connect(self.display_data)  # 将线程信号连接到槽函数
        self.label_view.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);")
        if self.serial_thread._stop_event == True:  # 判断串口是否打开
            self.bote_value = self.comboBox.currentText()  # 获取选的串口波特率
            self.combo_value = self.comboBox_2.currentText()  # 获取选的串口号
            self.serial_thread.serial_start( self.combo_value,self.bote_value)#再次启动串口
        self.serial_thread.start()#启动线程

        self.listWidget.addItem("串口打开\n")#设置数据显示在界面
        self.listWidget.setCurrentRow(self.listWidget.count() - 1)#设置显示最后一行

    def serial_close(self):
        self.serial_thread.serial_stop()
        self.label_view.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);")

        self.listWidget.addItem("串口关闭\n")#设置数据显示在界面
        self.listWidget.setCurrentRow(self.listWidget.count() - 1)#设置显示最后一行

    def display_data(self,data):
        current_time = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')  # 获取系统时间
        self.listWidget.addItem(current_time+"\n"+data+"\n")#设置数据显示在界面
        self.listWidget.setCurrentRow(self.listWidget.count() - 1)#设置显示最后一行

    def send_data(self):
        if (self.serial_thread._stop_event):#判断串口是否打开，如果未打开给与提示
            QMessageBox.information(self, "提示", "请先打开串口")
        else:
            data = self.lineEdit.text()
            data = data + '\r\n'
            self.serial_thread.write(data)
            # self.lineEdit.clear()
    def check_choose_view(self): #判断复选框是否选中
        if self.checkBox.isChecked():#判断那种格式显示
            self.serial_thread.choose_view = True
        else:
            self.serial_thread.choose_view = False

    def check_choose_send(self):#判断那种格式输入
        if self.checkBox_2.isChecked():
            self.serial_thread.choose_send = True
        else:
            self.serial_thread.choose_send1 = False


# 主程序入口
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 这里是界面的入口，在这里需要定义QApplication对象，之后界面跳转时不用再重新定义，只需要调用show()函数即可
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    # 实例化
    window = serialaction()
    # 显示
    window.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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下面是实现效果