Spring 6整合单元测试JUnit4和JUnit5

单元测试：JUnit

在之前的测试方法中，几乎都能看到以下的两行代码：

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xxx.xml");
Xxxx xxx = context.getBean(Xxxx.class);
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这两行代码的作用是创建Spring容器，最终获取到对象，但是每次测试都需要重复编写。针对上述问题，我们需要的是程序能自动帮我们创建容器。我们都知道JUnit无法知晓我们是否使用了 Spring 框架，更不用说帮我们创建 Spring 容器了。Spring提供了一个运行器，可以读取配置文件（或注解）来创建容器。我们只需要告诉它配置文件位置就可以了。这样一来，我们通过Spring整合JUnit可以使程序创建spring容器了

1、整合JUnit5

1.1、搭建子模块

搭建spring-junit模块

1.2、引入依赖

<dependencies>
    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
        <version>6.0.2version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
        <version>6.0.2version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupitergroupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter-apiartifactId>
        <version>5.9.0version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4jgroupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-coreartifactId>
        <version>2.19.0version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4jgroupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-implartifactId>
        <version>2.19.0version>
    dependency>
dependencies>
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1.3、添加配置文件

beans.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.javaxiaobear.spring6.bean"/>
beans>
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copy日志文件：log4j2.xml

1.4、添加java类

package com.javaxiaobear.spring6.bean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class User {

    public User() {
        System.out.println("run user");
    }
}
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1.5、测试

import com.javaxiaobear.spring6.bean.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig;

//两种方式均可
//方式一
//@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
//@ContextConfiguration("classpath:beans.xml")
//方式二
@SpringJUnitConfig(locations = "classpath:beans.xml")
public class SpringJUnit5Test {

    @Autowired
    private User user;

    @Test
    public void testUser(){
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}
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2、整合JUnit4

JUnit4在公司也会经常用到，在此也学习一下

2.1、添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>junitgroupId>
    <artifactId>junitartifactId>
    <version>4.12version>
dependency>
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2.2、测试

import com.javaxiaobear.spring6.bean.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:beans.xml")
public class SpringJUnit4Test {

    @Autowired
    private User user;

    @Test
    public void testUser(){
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}
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